The dynamical landscape of marine phytoplankton diversity

Lévy, Marina; Jahn, O.; Dutkiewicz, Stephanie; Follows, Michael J.; d’Ovidio, Francesco

doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0481

Cited by 71 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…It is worth reiterating that the nondimensional disturbance streamfunction ψ pert (x, y, t) obtained from (15) or (17) will have arbitrary t-dependence. Now, the quantification of the flux of fluid and potential vorticity occurring across Γ in Figure 1 is a nontrivial exercise given that the barrier breaks up into two different entities: a stable manifold and an unstable manifold, which do not coincide in general.…”

Section: Rossby Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In either of the forms (15) or (17), the t -dependence will not in general be periodic or quasi-periodic. Moreover, the possibility of dealing with wave packets such as these is a first step to determining the flux occurring due to more stochastic perturbations, for example by choosing the εs from an appropriate random distribution.…”

Section: Rossby Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is able to deal with disturbance streamfunctions consisting not just of one mode, but infinitely many. That is, disturbances of the form (15) or (17) are fair game.…”

Section: Flux For Wave Packetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meridional and Zonal Wavenumber Dependence in Potential Vorticity Flux in Rossby Waves

Balasuriya

2016

Preprint

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Eddy-driven jets are of importance in the ocean and atmosphere, and to a first approximation are governed by Rossby wave dynamics. This study addresses the time-dependent flux of fluid and potential vorticity between such a jet and an adjacent eddy, with specific regard to determining zonal and meridional wavenumber dependence. The flux amplitude in wavenumber space is obtained, which is easily computable for a given jet geometry, speed and latitude, and which provides instant information on the wavenumbers of the Rossby waves which maximize the flux. This new tool enables the quick determination of which modes are most influential in imparting fluid exchange, which in the long term will homogenize the potential vorticity between the eddy and the jet. The results are validated by computing backward-and forward-time finite-time Lyapunov exponent fields, and also stable and unstable manifolds; the intermingling of these entities defines the region of chaotic transport between the eddy and the jet. The relationship of all of these to the time-varying transport flux between the eddy and the jet is carefully elucidated. The flux quantification presented here works for general time-dependence, whether or not lobes (intersection regions between stable and unstable manifolds) are present in the mixing region, and is therefore also easily computable for wave packets consisting of infinitely many wavenumbers.

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Section: Rossby Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rossby Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meridional and Zonal Wavenumber Dependence in Potential Vorticity Flux in Rossby Waves

Balasuriya

2016

Preprint

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“…The cruise strategy used an adaptive approach based on the near-real time analysis of both satellite and numerical modeling data to identify dynamical features of interest and follow their evolution. This task was performed thanks to the software package SPASSO (Software Package for an Adaptative Satellite-based Sampling for Ocean campaigns, http://www.mio.univ-15 amu.fr/SPASSO) that performs Eulerian and Lagrangian diagnostics of the altimetry-derived currents (d'Ovidio et al, 2015) together with sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration. We sampled a finescale dynamical structure characterized by a patch of cold surface water surrounded by warm waters.…”

Section: Oscahr Outlinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While at a basin scale the phytoplankton community structure is relatively well constrained, at a fine-scale both modeling (Lévy et al, 2001;Clayton et al, 2013;Lévy et al, 2014;d'Ovidio et al, 2015) and observation (Claustre et al, 1994;d'Ovidio et al, 2010, Clayton et 25 al., 2014Martin et al, 2015, Cotti-Rausch et al, 2016 have revealed during the last decades that phytoplankton community structure exhibits strong fine-scale variability, i.e. 1-100km (Levy et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling physics and biogeochemistry thanks to high resolution observations of the phytoplankton community structure in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea

Marrec¹,

Doglioli²,

Grégori³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Fine-scale physical structures and ocean dynamics strongly influence and regulate biogeochemical and ecological processes. These processes are particularly challenging to describe and understand because of their ephemeral nature. The OSCAHR (Observing Submesoscale Coupling At High Resolution) campaign has been conducted in fall 2015 in which, a fine-scale structure in the North Western Mediterranean Ligurian subbasin 15 was pre-identified using both satellite and numerical modeling data. Along the ship track, various variables were measured at the surface (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a and nutrients concentrations) with ADCP current velocity. We also deployed a new model of CytoSense automated flow cytometer (AFCM) optimized for small and dim cells, for near real-time characterization of surface phytoplankton community structure of surface waters with a spatial resolution of few km and a hourly temporal resolution. For the first time with this type of AFCM 20 we were able to resolve Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus picocyanobacteria. The vertical physical dynamics and biogeochemical properties of the studied area were investigated by continuous high resolution CTD profiles thanks to a moving vessel profiler (MVP) during the vessel underway associated to a 1-m vertical resolution pumping system deployed during fixed stations. The observed fine-scale feature presented a cyclonic structure with a relatively cold core surrounded by warmer waters. Surface waters were totally depleted in nitrate and 25 phosphate. In addition to the doming of the isopycnals by the cyclonic circulation, an intense wind event inducedEkman pumping. The upwelled subsurface cold nutrient-rich water fertilized surface waters, characterized by an increase in Chl-a concentration. Prochlorococcus, pico-and nano-eukaryotes were more abundant in cold core waters while Synechococcus dominated in warm boundary waters. Nanoeukaryote were the main contributors

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Biological production, export efficiency, and phytoplankton communities across 8000 km of the South Atlantic

Howard

Durkin

Hennon

et al. 2017

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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In situ oxygen tracers (triple oxygen isotope and oxygen/argon ratios) were used to evaluate meridional trends in surface biological production and export efficiency across~8000 km of the tropical and subtropical South Atlantic in March-May 2013. We used observations of picophytoplankton, nanophytoplankton, and microphytoplankton to evaluate community structure and diversity and assessed the relationships of these characteristics with production, export efficiency, and particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes. Rates of productivity were relatively uniform along most of the transect with net community production (NCP) between 0 and 10 mmol O 2 m À2 d À1, gross primary production (GPP) between 40 and 100 mmol O 2 m À2 d À1 , and NCP/GPP, a measure of export efficiency, ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 (0.05-0.1 in carbon units). However, notable exceptions to this basin-scale homogeneity included two locations with highly enhanced NCP and export efficiency compared to surrounding regions. Export of POC and particulate nitrogen, derived from sediment traps, correlated with GPP across the transect, over which the surface community was dominated numerically by picophytoplankton. NCP, however, did not correlate with POC flux; the mean difference between NCP and POC flux was similar to published estimates of dissolved organic carbon export from the surface ocean. The interrelated rates of production presented in this work contribute to the understanding, building on the framework of better-studied ocean basins, of how carbon is biologically transported between the atmosphere and the deep ocean.Plain Language Summary Photosynthesis in the ocean results in the drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide. In this study, we use biological and chemical data from a cruise transiting 8000 km of the South Atlantic Ocean in order to study how biological communities in the surface ocean produced oxygen and took up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in order to grow and how that carbon was consumed or transferred to greater depths away from the atmosphere. Specifically, we used dissolved gases to measure phytoplankton respiration and photosynthesis and sediment traps to collect falling particles; we also determined phytoplankton community structure at 5 m of water depth. This combination of information about the biological community, production, and export across a large region provides insights into the relationships underlying carbon cycling in the South Atlantic.

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The dynamical landscape of marine phytoplankton diversity

Cited by 71 publications

References 52 publications

Meridional and Zonal Wavenumber Dependence in Potential Vorticity Flux in Rossby Waves

Meridional and Zonal Wavenumber Dependence in Potential Vorticity Flux in Rossby Waves

Coupling physics and biogeochemistry thanks to high resolution observations of the phytoplankton community structure in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea

Biological production, export efficiency, and phytoplankton communities across 8000 km of the South Atlantic

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