The dynamic tumor-stromal crosstalk: Implications of ‘stromal-hot’ tumors in the process of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Abstract

Breast cancer metastatic programming involves an intricate process by which the tumor cell co-evolves with surrounding extracellular niche. The supporting cells from the local host stroma get morphed into cancer associated stromal cells. This complex crosstalk leads to extracellular matrix re-fabrication, invasion, and eventually distant metastasis. In this review, we examine the protein-miRNA secretome that is crucial for this crosstalk. We also attempt to delineate the persuasive role of the stroma in mediating epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We elucidate an in-depth appraisal of the might of the stromal niche that can yield promising diagnostic markers and pave avenue for new connexions that may aid in formulating tailored anti-cancer therapy.