The Dynamic Structure of Lee Wave Flow as Obtained From Balloon and Airplane Observations

Vergeiner, I.; Lilly, Douglas K.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1970)098<0220:tdsolw>2.3.co;2

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Probably since Radok (1954), which was one of the first observations of mountain waves with aircraft, past aircraft field campaigns have mainly focused on terraininduced gravity waves (Radok, 1954;Vergeiner and Lilly, 1970;Lilly and Kennedy, 1973;Smith, 1976;Karacostas and Marwitz, 1980;Brown, 1983;Moustaoui et al, 1999;Leutbecher and Volkert, 2000;Poulos et al, 2002;Doyle et al, 2002;Smith et al, 2008). The recent Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) in MarchApril 2006 (Grubišić et al, 2008) was the first full research project to use the National Science Foundation (NSF) -National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Gulfstream V (GV) (Laursen et al, 2006), which has better Global Positioning System (GPS) accuracy than the previous versions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aircraft measurements of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the START08 field experiment

et al. 2015

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Abstract. This study analyzes in situ airborne measurements from the 2008 Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START08) experiment to characterize gravity waves in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (ExUTLS). The focus is on the second research flight (RF02), which took place on 21-22 April 2008. This was the first airborne mission dedicated to probing gravity waves associated with strong upper-tropospheric jet-front systems. Based on spectral and wavelet analyses of the in situ observations, along with a diagnosis of the polarization relationships, clear signals of mesoscale variations with wavelengths ∼ 50-500 km are found in almost every segment of the 8 h flight, which took place mostly in the lower stratosphere. The aircraft sampled a wide range of background conditions including the region near the jet core, the jet exit and over the Rocky Mountains with clear evidence of vertically propagating gravity waves of along-track wavelength between 100 and 120 km. The power spectra of the horizontal velocity components and potential temperature for the scale approximately between ∼ 8 and ∼ 256 km display an approximate −5/3 power law in agreement with past studies on aircraft measurements, while the fluctuations roll over to a −3 power law for the scale approximately between ∼ 0.5 and ∼ 8 km (except when this part of the spectrum is activated, as recorded clearly by one of the flight segments). However, at least part of the high-frequency signals with sampled periods of ∼ 20-∼ 60 s and wavelengths of ∼ 5-∼ 15 km might be due to intrinsic observational errors in the aircraft measurements, even though the possibilities that these fluctuations may be due to other physical phenomena (e.g., nonlinear dynamics, shear instability and/or turbulence) cannot be completely ruled out.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aircraft measurements of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the START08 field experiment

et al. 2015

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“…Hosler et al (1963) inferred that the occurrence and intensity of the mountain wave (lee wave) patterns control the convective showers over central Pennsylvania. There are few theoretical works concerning the mechanism of orographic effect on rainfall, though the airflow over mountains has been studied by many authors (Corby and Wallington, 1956: Scorer and Klierforth, 1959: Vergeiner and Lilly, 1970. Sawyer (1956) made a model for rainfall over the British Isles on the highly simplified assumption that the air is lifted by orography at all levels and to the same extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Typhoon 7002 Rainfall by Orographic Effect

Sakakibara

Takeda

1973

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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A case study of the rainfall during the passage of Typhoon 7002 over the Kii Peninsula is made on the assumption that the rainfall R(x,y,t) at each station (x,y) should be interpreted as k(x,y)*f(x,y,t), where f(x,y,t) is the rainfall which would be caused at the station by the traverse of a disturbance if there were no orographic effect and k(x,y) is the amplification factor of the rainfall which would be dependent upon the topographic features around the station and the direction and strength of prevailing wind. The results of analysis show that the distribution of h(x,y,t) whish is roughly proportional to f(x,y,t) and its behavior have a good correspondence to the distribution of moving radar echoes, while the distribution of R (x, y,t) is considerably controlled by topographic features over the peninsula. Examples of the pattern of k(x,y) and f(x,y,t) over the peninsula are presented.

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“…Observational data on mountain waves have been exhibited by Axford [1970] and Reynolds et al, [1968] and from a continuing observational program in the central Colorado area [Kuettner and Lilly, 1968;Lilly and Toutenhoofd, 1969;Vergeiner and Lilly, 1970] that uses multiple aircraft flights and constantvolume balloons. The most recent and complete set of observations in this series, from the winter of 1969 -1970, have not yet been reported.…”

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confidence: 99%

Progress in research on atmospheric turbulence

Lilly

1971

EoS Transactions

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In ground‐ and tower‐based instrumentation for direct sensing, few, if any, new concepts have appeared, but steady improvements in technique and reliability have been reported [Dyer et al., 1967; Goddard, 1970; Hicks, 1969; Kaimal, l9687semi; Kaimal et al, 1968; Thurteil et al., 19707semi; Wesely et al., 1970], and comparisons have been made between different kinds of instruments [Businger et al., 19677; Miyake et al, 1970a], leading generally to increased knowledge and confidence in the characteristics of each. More rapid advances occurred in aircraft‐based instrumentation. In particular the utilization of inertial navigation systems by Axford [1968], by the Air Force Hicat program [Crooks et al., 1968] and by the National Center for Atmospheric Research‐Desert Research Institute program [National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1970] is leading to the ability to measure the larger turbulence scales and mesoscales, where much of the important energy generation resides, in levels above the surface boundary layer, Sheih [19717] has effectively utilized hot wire anemometry to measure the microscales of turbulence from an aircraft. Precision radar‐tracked balloons of either the constant‐level type [Angell et al., 1968], or with a roughened surface to improve stability [DeMandel and Scoggins, 1967[, have been used to reveal details of the mesoscale wind field.

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The Dynamic Structure of Lee Wave Flow as Obtained From Balloon and Airplane Observations

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Aircraft measurements of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the START08 field experiment

Aircraft measurements of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the START08 field experiment

Modification of Typhoon 7002 Rainfall by Orographic Effect

Progress in research on atmospheric turbulence

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