The dynamic metabolic profile of Qi-Yu-San-Long decoction in rat urine using UPLC-QTOF-MSE coupled with a post-targeted screening strategy

Metabolic profiling of Qi‐Yu‐San‐Long decoction in rat feces by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with a post‐targeted screening strategy

“…Nevertheless, it is important to note that the metabolites found in feces and urine differed significantly, primarily due to variations in the physicochemical properties of the compounds themselves and the intricate in vivo metabolic processes involved. Furthermore, it should be noted that certain compounds in urine underwent phase I metabolic reactions prior to the phase II binding reactions, as evidenced by previously identified urine metabolites (Zheng et al, 2022). By contrast, fecal metabolites often resulted directly from either phase I or phase II metabolism.…”

“…All ingredients in the QYSLD recipe were weighed according to the prescription with a total of 10 ingredients, including Astragali Radix (30 g), Hedyotis diffusa Willd (20 g), S. nigrum L. (20 g), Coicis semen (20 g), Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (10 g), Curcumae Rhizoma (10 g), Scolopendra (6 g), Pheretima (6 g), E. helioscopia L. (6 g) and Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (6 g). The preparation of QYSLD samples follows the same method as described in previous articles published by our research group (Huang et al, 2021; Zheng et al, 2022).…”

“…Cirrhosae Bulbus (6 g). The preparation of QYSLD samples follows the same method as described in previous articles published by our research group (Huang et al, 2021;Zheng et al, 2022).…”

“…Subsequently, we detected 85 xenobiotics (20 prototype components and 65 metabolites) in rat urine associated with QYSLD. The predominant metabolic types of QYSLD in rat urine encompassed both phase I metabolism (oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, hydrolysis and demethylation) and phase II metabolism (glucuronidation, sulfuration, methylation and acetylation), as well as other related combination reactions (Zheng et al, 2022). However, the biotransformation characteristics of QYSLD in feces remain unclear.…”