The dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging features of alveolar soft part sarcoma

Abstract

Background Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Early diagnosis of ASPS is crucial for optimal therapeutic planning and improving prognosis, but its diagnostic features are not well delineated. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the imaging features of ASPS with an emphasis on the dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings to identify imaging findings that might suggest the diagnosis to radiologists. Methods The imaging features of 34 patients with pathologically proven limb ASPS were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 23 underwent DCE-MRI, and 12 underwent DWI. Results Among the 34 cases of ASPS, 31 tumors were in the lower extremities, and 3 were in the upper extremities. The maximum tumor diameters ranged from 3.0 to 19.4 cm (mean, 8.7±3.96 cm). A total of 28 cases had well-defined borders. The masses demonstrated heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and the fat-suppressed (FS) T2WI sequence and slight hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). A total of 25 lesions had thin hypointense bands on T1WI and T2WI. Intra- and peri-tumoral tubular areas of flow void were exhibited on both T1WI and T2WI in all cases. A total of 12 cases showed a high signal on DWI, and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value was (0.86±0.07)×10 –3 mm 2 /s [range, (0.6–1.4)×10 –3 mm 2 /s]. Persistent remarkable enhancement of the lesion was displayed on contrast-enhanced scans. The time-intensity curves (TICs) of 23 masses showed early arterial enhancement and slow washout of contrast. Conclusions ASPS most commonly presents in the lower extremities of adolescents or young adults. Hyperintense T1WI, T2WI, and DWI signals, low ADC, flow voids, early arterial enhancement are frequent MRI features.

Qualitative and quantitative MRI analysis of alveolar soft part sarcoma: correlation with histological grade and Ki-67 expression

“…Typical MRI findings include slightly higher signal intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI) and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (T2WI) due to the tumor’s rich blood supply, which also manifests as tortuous and dilated vascular structures [ 2 ]. Intratumoral necrosis, infiltrative growth patterns, and tumor vascular cavities were discernible in MRI scans to aid in differentiating ASPS from other STSs [ 9 ].…”