The Dynamic Chondriome

Logan, David C.; Paszkiewicz, Gaël

doi:10.1002/9781118906583.ch4

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…Mitochondria involved in such dynamic sharing of materials in a plant cell are referred to as a dynamic syncytium (Lonsdale et al, 1988), and the collective mitochondria in a cell are thought to exist as a discontinuous whole (Logan, 2017). Fusion of mitochondria results in the formation of elongated and/or branched mitochondria in some meristematic tissues, such as shoot apices (Segui-Simarro and Staehelin, 2006), germinating seeds (Paszkiewicz et al, 2017), and dedifferentiating protoplasts (Sheahan et al, 2005;Rose and McCurdy, 2017).…”

Section: Plant Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions

et al. 2021

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In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the following short reviews, the authors discuss the complexities of the plant cell endomembrane system, exciting connections between organelles, novel insights into peroxisome structure and function, dynamics of mitochondria, and the mysteries that need to be unlocked from the plant cell wall. These discussions are focused through a lens of new microscopy techniques. Advanced imaging has uncovered unexpected shapes, dynamics, and intricate membrane formations. With a continued focus in the next decade, these imaging modalities coupled with functional studies are sure to begin to unravel mysteries of the plant cell.

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Section: Plant Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions

et al. 2021

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“…Arabidopsis cells each have about 300-500 mitochondria, but only about 50-100 mtDNA copies [21], resulting in a shortage of genomic information in most mitochondria. The shortage is compensated for by constant fission and fusion of mitochondria [22][23][24][25]. In the mitochondrial genomes of flowering plants, homologous recombinations (HRs) occur between large identical repeats, resulting in alternative configurations of the genome that are referred to as multi-partite structures [26][27][28].…”

Section: Repair Pathways For Naturally Occurring Dna Double-strand Brmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mitoTALENs-Directed Double-Strand Breaks on Plant Mitochondrial Genomes

Arimura

2021

Genes

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Mitochondrial genomes in flowering plants differ from those in animals and yeasts in several ways, including having large and variable sizes, circular, linear and branched structures, long repeat sequences that participate in homologous recombinations, and variable genes orders, even within a species. Understanding these differences has been hampered by a lack of genetic methods for transforming plant mitochondrial genomes. We recently succeeded in disrupting targeted genes in mitochondrial genomes by mitochondria-targeted transcription activator-like effector nucleases (mitoTALENs) in rice, rapeseed, and Arabidopsis. Double-strand breaks created by mitoTALENs were repaired not by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) but by homologous recombination (HR) between repeats near and far from the target sites, resulting in new genomic structures with large deletions and different configurations. On the other hand, in mammals, TALENs-induced DSBs cause small insertions or deletions in nuclear genomes and degradation of mitochondrial genomes. These results suggest that the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of plants and mammals have distinct mechanisms for responding to naturally occurring DSBs. The different responses appear to be well suited to differences in size and copy numbers of each genome.

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Single organelle function and organization as estimated from Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteomics

et al. 2019

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Summary Mitochondria host vital cellular functions, including oxidative phosphorylation and co‐factor biosynthesis, which are reflected in their proteome. At the cellular level plant mitochondria are organized into hundreds of discrete functional entities, which undergo dynamic fission and fusion. It is the individual organelle that operates in the living cell, yet biochemical and physiological assessments have exclusively focused on the characteristics of large populations of mitochondria. Here, we explore the protein composition of an individual average plant mitochondrion to deduce principles of functional and structural organisation. We perform proteomics on purified mitochondria from cultured heterotrophic Arabidopsis cells with intensity‐based absolute quantification and scale the dataset to the single organelle based on criteria that are justified by experimental evidence and theoretical considerations. We estimate that a total of 1.4 million protein molecules make up a single Arabidopsis mitochondrion on average. Copy numbers of the individual proteins span five orders of magnitude, ranging from >40 000 for Voltage‐Dependent Anion Channel 1 to sub‐stoichiometric copy numbers, i.e. less than a single copy per single mitochondrion, for several pentatricopeptide repeat proteins that modify mitochondrial transcripts. For our analysis, we consider the physical and chemical constraints of the single organelle and discuss prominent features of mitochondrial architecture, protein biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism, antioxidant defence, genome maintenance, gene expression, and dynamics. While assessing the limitations of our considerations, we exemplify how our understanding of biochemical function and structural organization of plant mitochondria can be connected in order to obtain global and specific insights into how organelles work.

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The Dynamic Chondriome

Cited by 3 publications

References 176 publications

A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions

A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions

Effects of mitoTALENs-Directed Double-Strand Breaks on Plant Mitochondrial Genomes

Single organelle function and organization as estimated from Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteomics

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