The Dutch East-India Company and accounting for social capital at the dawn of modern capitalism 1602–1623

Closing doors (1780-1813): the liquidation process at General Company of Pernambuco and Paraíba

“…The § §58 and 59 of Charter favored the concept capital maintenance in accounting procedures. These characteristics were also present since the first years of VOC existence (Dari-mattiacci, Gelderblom, Jonker, & Perotti, 2013;Robertson & Funnell, 2012;Robertson, 2011).…”

“…money or goods) (Baxter, 1980;Oliveira, 2005). The calculation of a merchant's net assets depended on its bookkeeping records and external sources (Robertson & Funnell, 2012). The end balance in the SEB showed what an individual (i.e., an agent) must hand over to his principal in his charge for the next period (Baxter, 1980).…”

“…For this reason, this dissertation does not mention it in the analysis. The term "distribution" was also used on VOC's corporate documents with the same meaning (Robertson & Funnell, 2012;Robertson, 2011). after the third fleet of the firm returned". Between two distribution periods, the shareholders could receive an installment called "avanço de juros" (i.e.…”

“…to the self-enrichment of the firm's directors (Jongh, 2011;Robertson & Funnell, 2012;Robertson, 2011). As a consequence of shareholders' complaints, the VOC's charter was changed in 1623.…”

“…According to VOC's 1602 initial charter, the director was granted commission of 1 percent of the cost of outfitting the fleet and 1 percent of the firms' profits (Jongh, 2011;Robertson & Funnell, 2012;Robertson, 2011). Despite finding these percentages to fall behind the ones at PPC, the VOC remuneration policy contributed 213 The director was married to Antônio Vaz Salgado's sister Souza, 2012).…”