“…However, even though the number of site visits may remain high, it is not clear who the users are, what use they make of the platform or, perhaps most importantly, whether they represent the planned target users. In this Special Issue, Gardiner et al (2019), Hasse and Kind (2019), Laudien et al (2019) and Palutikof et al (2019a, b) all describe a number of approaches to evaluation, carried out at different points in the lifetimes of their adaptation platforms.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adaptation platforms are particularly effective in providing support where capability is low and ambition to undertake system-wide adaptation is high. Further reading in this Special Issue: Laudien et al (2019) describe the application of their Climate Adaptation Atlas in stress testing. Tonmoy et al (2019) describe a three-tier risk assessment process for adaptation, in which users may iteratively select the complexity of assessment appropriate to their resources, expertise and requirements.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A common theme in the Special Issue papers (see, for example Laudien et al 2019;Leitch et al submitted;Palutikof et al 2019a) and in the literature more broadly is the drive to involve users in the design and production of enabling resources for decision support. This drive is partly in response to, first, a widely held view that usage of these resources is below the expectations of funding agencies and below the aspirations of developers (Hewitson et al 2017) and, second, that engaging users would enhance relevance, usability, legitimacy and credibility (Cash et al 2003;Meadow et al 2015;Prokopy et al 2017).…”
Section: The Need To Involve Practitionersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The needs of organisations with respect to decision-support resources change depending on in-house capability and the task in hand (adaptation action). The figure shows what resources are appropriate for different tasks/capabilities, and who is likely to make use of these resources Further reading in this Special Issue Laudien et al (2019), in their seven lessons learnt, point to the need for flexibility in project design in order that the decision-support resource can evolve over time to match the needs of practitioners.…”
In this final paper, the guest editors identify and discuss ten guidelines emerging from the papers in this Special Issue on Decision-Support Tools for Climate Change Adaptation. The guidelines are arranged under three headings: foundational, design and construction, and supporting sustainability in the long term. Under foundational, we address the need for cooperation with end users of decision-support resources, the contribution these resources can make to the formation of thriving communities of practice, and the match between the different types of decision support and user needs. Under design and construction, we point to the risk that policy settings will change over the multiple years required to build and publish complex decision-support resources, reducing the relevance of the final product. We discuss the need for innovative approaches to ensure visibility, credibility and hence uptake. Developers should be mindful of the requirements, resources and capabilities of potential users at all points in the design and build. We also suggest that decision-support resources may be transferable between sectors and locations, but the motivation should be around achieving excellence, and not just cost savings. Under supporting sustainability in the long term, we stress the need for evaluation and comparative studies of performance, leading to carefully documented updating and improvement of decision-support resources. Finally, in the conclusions, we look to the future. Can decision-support resources evolve successfully to meet the information and guidance requirements of the increasingly sophisticated adaptation practitioner community?
“…However, even though the number of site visits may remain high, it is not clear who the users are, what use they make of the platform or, perhaps most importantly, whether they represent the planned target users. In this Special Issue, Gardiner et al (2019), Hasse and Kind (2019), Laudien et al (2019) and Palutikof et al (2019a, b) all describe a number of approaches to evaluation, carried out at different points in the lifetimes of their adaptation platforms.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adaptation platforms are particularly effective in providing support where capability is low and ambition to undertake system-wide adaptation is high. Further reading in this Special Issue: Laudien et al (2019) describe the application of their Climate Adaptation Atlas in stress testing. Tonmoy et al (2019) describe a three-tier risk assessment process for adaptation, in which users may iteratively select the complexity of assessment appropriate to their resources, expertise and requirements.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A common theme in the Special Issue papers (see, for example Laudien et al 2019;Leitch et al submitted;Palutikof et al 2019a) and in the literature more broadly is the drive to involve users in the design and production of enabling resources for decision support. This drive is partly in response to, first, a widely held view that usage of these resources is below the expectations of funding agencies and below the aspirations of developers (Hewitson et al 2017) and, second, that engaging users would enhance relevance, usability, legitimacy and credibility (Cash et al 2003;Meadow et al 2015;Prokopy et al 2017).…”
Section: The Need To Involve Practitionersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The needs of organisations with respect to decision-support resources change depending on in-house capability and the task in hand (adaptation action). The figure shows what resources are appropriate for different tasks/capabilities, and who is likely to make use of these resources Further reading in this Special Issue Laudien et al (2019), in their seven lessons learnt, point to the need for flexibility in project design in order that the decision-support resource can evolve over time to match the needs of practitioners.…”
In this final paper, the guest editors identify and discuss ten guidelines emerging from the papers in this Special Issue on Decision-Support Tools for Climate Change Adaptation. The guidelines are arranged under three headings: foundational, design and construction, and supporting sustainability in the long term. Under foundational, we address the need for cooperation with end users of decision-support resources, the contribution these resources can make to the formation of thriving communities of practice, and the match between the different types of decision support and user needs. Under design and construction, we point to the risk that policy settings will change over the multiple years required to build and publish complex decision-support resources, reducing the relevance of the final product. We discuss the need for innovative approaches to ensure visibility, credibility and hence uptake. Developers should be mindful of the requirements, resources and capabilities of potential users at all points in the design and build. We also suggest that decision-support resources may be transferable between sectors and locations, but the motivation should be around achieving excellence, and not just cost savings. Under supporting sustainability in the long term, we stress the need for evaluation and comparative studies of performance, leading to carefully documented updating and improvement of decision-support resources. Finally, in the conclusions, we look to the future. Can decision-support resources evolve successfully to meet the information and guidance requirements of the increasingly sophisticated adaptation practitioner community?
“…Alternatively, funding may be available to support such activities constructed and maintained by organisations with a specific mandate and funding to support adaptation. Examples include government-sponsored activities outlined in this Special Issue, for Europe (Hasse and Kind 2019;Laudien et al 2019;Street et al 2019), for Australia (Palutikof et al 2019a), and for the USA (Gardiner et al 2019). Though these examples emphasise government-funded entities, there are many private organisations and consultancies taking up the mantle of decision support for climate change adaptation, particularly in the USA.…”
Section: External Imperatives or Incentivesmentioning
Visualisations are often the entry point to information that supports stakeholders’ decision- and policy-making processes. Visual displays can employ either static, dynamic or interactive formats as well as various types of representations and visual encodings, which differently affect the attention, recognition and working memory of users. Despite being well-suited for expert audiences, current climate data visualisations need to be further improved to make communication of climate information more inclusive for broader audiences, including people with disabilities. However, the lack of evidence-based guidelines and tools makes the creation of accessible visualisations challenging, potentially leading to misunderstanding and misuse of climate information by users. Taking stock of visualisation challenges identified in a workshop by climate service providers, we review good practices commonly applied by other visualisation-related disciplines strongly based on users’ needs that could be applied to the climate services context. We show how lessons learned in the fields of user experience, data visualisation, graphic design and psychology make useful recommendations for the development of more effective climate service visualisations. This includes applying a user-centred design approach, using interaction in a suitable way in visualisations, paying attention to information architecture or selecting the right type of representation and visual encoding. The recommendations proposed here can help climate service providers reduce users’ cognitive load and improve their overall experience when using a service. These recommendations can be useful for the development of the next generation of climate services, increasing their usability while ensuring that their visual components are inclusive and do not leave anyone behind.
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