The duration and rate of grain growth, and harvest index, of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>L.) in response to temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>

Wheeler, Tim; Hong, T. D.; Ellis, R. H.; Batts, G. R.; Morison, J. I. L.; Hadley, P.

doi:10.1093/jxb/47.5.623

Cited by 228 publications

(162 citation statements)

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“…In an experiment on the effects of CO 2 and temperature on wheat yield, it was observed that high temperatures around flowering can result in a large proportion of sterile grains (Mitchell et al 1995, Wheeler et al 1996a, Ferris et al 1998. Although the effect of reduced grain numbers on the final yield could be partly compensated for during grain filling by the production of larger grains, the yield losses could be still significant (Wheeler et al 1996b). Various levels of temperature that affect the grain number were reported.…”

Section: Example Of Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous work (Ferris et al 1998), 2 parameters were identified to describe the reduction of grain number due to high temperature at flowering. These parameters are: (1) a critical temperature threshold, T cr , beyond which the final grain number starts to decline linearly with the temperature increase; (2) the slope of grain number decline β; and (3) the potential grain weight, G pot , which determines the ability of the crop to recover the lost yield by growing larger grains (Mitchell et al 1993, Wheeler et al 1996b. It is likely that all 3 parameters are cultivar-specific and are different for wheat cultivars grown in southern and northern Europe.…”

Section: Example Of Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of multi-model ensembles from global climate models for assessment of climate change impacts

2010

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Multi-model ensembles of climate predictions constructed by running several global climate models for a common set of experiments are available for impact assessment of climate change. Multi-model ensembles emphasize the uncertainty in climate predictions resulting from structural differences in the global climate models as well as uncertainty due to variations in initial conditions or model parameterisations. This paper describes a methodology of using multi-model ensembles from global climate models for impact assessments which require local-scale climate scenarios. The approach is based on the use of a weather generator capable of generating the localscale daily climate scenarios used as an input by many process-based impact models. A new version of the LARS-WG weather generator, described in the paper, incorporates climate predictions from 15 climate models from the multi-model ensemble used in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The use of the AR4 multi-model ensemble allows assessment of the range of uncertainty in the impacts of climate change resulting from the uncertainty in predications of climate. As an example, the impact of climate change on the probability of heat stress during flowering of wheat, which can result in significant yield losses, was assessed using local-scale climate scenarios in conjunction with a wheat simulation model at 4 European locations. The exploitation of much larger perturbed physics ensembles is also discussed.

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Section: Example Of Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Example Of Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of multi-model ensembles from global climate models for assessment of climate change impacts

2010

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“…In an experiment on the combine effects of CO 2 and temperature on the grain yield, Mitchell et al [99] observed that a temperature of 27 °C or higher applied midway through anthesis could result in a high number of sterile grains and considerable yield losses. Wheeler et al [100] used a temperature gradient tunnel system to demonstrate that at 30 °C or elevated prior to anthesis significantly reduced the grain number and, subsequently, yield. Crop yields are predicted to decrease approximately 10% for every one-degree increase in temperature.…”

Section: Crop Biotechnology In Global Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Responses and Thermotolerance

Hemantaranjan¹,

Bhanu²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

APAR

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climate change is that most agricultural regions will experience additional extreme environmental fluctuations [2]. Direct injuries due to high temperatures include protein denaturation and aggregation and increased fluidity of membrane lipids. Indirect or slower heat injuries include inactivation of enzymes in chloroplast and mitochondria, inhibition of protein synthesis, protein degradation and loss of membrane integrity [3]. Heat stress also affects the organization of microtubules by splitting and/or elongation of spindles, formation of microtubule asters in mitotic cells and elongation of phragmoplast microtubules [4].The unfavourable effects of heat stress can be mitigated by developing crop plants with improved thermotolerance using an assortment of genetic approaches. For this reason, a thorough understanding of physiological responses of plants to high temperature, mechanisms of heat tolerance and possible strategies for improving crop thermotolerance is crucial. Acquiring thermotolerance is a lively progression by which considerable amounts of plant resources are diverted to structural and functional maintenance to escape damages caused by heat stress. Although biochemical and molecular aspects of thermotolerance in plants are relatively well understood, additional studies focused on phenotypic flexibility and assimilate partitioning under heat stress and factors modulating crop heat tolerance are imperative. High temperature during seed germination may slow down or totally inhibit germination, depending on plant species and the intensity of the stress [5]. At later stages, high IntroductionFuture global climate change, with predicted 1.5-5.8 °C increases in temperatures by 2100 has to cause heat stress to create threats to agricultural production [1]. An increase in global temperature ranging from 1.1 to 6.4 °C depending on global emissions scenarios, will accompany the rises in atmospheric CO 2 . Though high temperature and other abiotic stresses are clearly limiting factors for crops cultivated on marginal lands, crop productivity far and wide is often at the mercy of random environmental fluctuations. Existing assumption about global Heat Stress Responses and Thermotolerance AbstractThe rising ambient temperature by plant cells is crucial for the timely activation of various molecular defences before the appearance of heat damage. The heat-threshold level varies considerably at different developmental stages. With a view to survive under heat stress, mechanisms of regulation at the molecular level enable plants to prosper. Traditional breeding contributed for improving heat tolerance meagrely. The genetic transformation approach needs to be accelerated that can mitigate harmful effects by developing improved thermotolerance of crop plants. In this background, a thorough understanding of physiological responses of plants to high temperature, mechanisms of heat tolerance and possible strategies is vital. Temperature changes are sensed through cellular responses due to signal transduction into the c...

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“…Photoperiod defines floral initiation and grain filling (P5), stage which is highly influenced by the environment as are previous stages (Wheeler et al, 1996).…”

Section: Yield and Yield Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of genetic coefficients of three springwheat varieties under a Mediterranean environment applying the DSSAT model

Maldonado-Ibarra

Rodríguez

Castillo-Rosales

2015

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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The impact of climate change requires developing and validating models that help to project possible scenarios that must adapt to new varieties. This study seeks to validate and calibrate the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model as a tool that facilitates the characterization of the behavior of new varieties in the face of new scenarios generated by climate change. The determination of genetic coefficients of three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties was considered in the methodology; this was done with the database of the historical records of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) Wheat Breeding Program for the 2000 to 2011 period. Once the adjustment level of the model was dealt with, it was feasible to obtain genetic coefficients of three spring wheat varieties (Pandora-INIA, Kipa-INIA, and Millán-INIA); days from planting to anthesis variable exhibited RMSE values fluctuating between 3.5 and 9.7 depending on the variety. For total duration of days to maturity, 'Millán-INIA' exhibited a very good adjustment (RMSE = 0.25) as compared to 'Pandora-INIA' (RMSE = 1.35) and 'Kipa-INIA ' (12.22). Furthermore, the coefficient of determination of the genetic coefficients indicates that the varieties have minimum vernalization requirements; these are similar to the photoperiod between 'Pandora-INIA' and 'Millán-INIA' and lower in the case of 'Kipa-INIA'. Thermal requirements for grain filling, biomass production, and plant height did not exhibit any important differences among varieties. Finally, the methodology allowed calibrating the DSSAT model and achieving a good predictive level of yields for the three varieties. The plant development parameters must be studied in greater detail because of the low association between simulated and observed values.

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The duration and rate of grain growth, and harvest index, of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in response to temperature and CO₂

Cited by 228 publications

References 32 publications

Use of multi-model ensembles from global climate models for assessment of climate change impacts

Use of multi-model ensembles from global climate models for assessment of climate change impacts

Heat Stress Responses and Thermotolerance

Determination of genetic coefficients of three springwheat varieties under a Mediterranean environment applying the DSSAT model

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The duration and rate of grain growth, and harvest index, of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in response to temperature and CO2

Cited by 228 publications

References 32 publications

Use of multi-model ensembles from global climate models for assessment of climate change impacts

Use of multi-model ensembles from global climate models for assessment of climate change impacts

Heat Stress Responses and Thermotolerance

Determination of genetic coefficients of three springwheat varieties under a Mediterranean environment applying the DSSAT model

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The duration and rate of grain growth, and harvest index, of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in response to temperature and CO₂