The durability of synroc

Pyrochlore-structured titanate ceramics for immobilisation of actinides: Hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) and stainless steel/waste form interactions

“…5. The upper limits of Cs release rates are very comparable with those of synroc-C for short times [4], suggesting no leachable Cs phases are present.…”

“…Over the past 30 years, Synroc-C (an assemblage of geologically stable titanate minerals) and its derivatives have been extensively studied [1][2][3][4][5][6], both in the laboratory and via natural analogue minerals, as potential candidates for immobilisation of high-level radioactive wastes ranging from reprocessed spent fuel to impure plutonium derived from nuclear weapons programs. Depending upon the natures of the waste streams, titanate ceramic formulations have evolved from the original polyphase assemblages to deal with a wide range of fission products, actinides and process chemicals, to more specific compositions for partitioned fission products or actinides.…”

Basic Research Needs for Geosciences: Facilitating 21st Century Energy Systems

“…The waste form materials form complex multi-component dynamic systems that evolve in time over a wide range of conditions including high radiation fields, high temperatures, and potentially corrosive chemical environments (see Lutze and Ewing 1988 and references therein;Smith et al 1992). Fundamental understanding of the properties of waste forms is essential to predicting their longterm behavior and can only result from closely coupled theory, modeling, and experimentation.…”

Calorimetric investigations on cubic BaTiO3 and Ba0.9Nd0.1TiO3 systems

“…The TiO 2 -matrix ceramics, an assemblage of geologically stable titanate minerals and its derivatives have been extensively considered as potential candidates for the immobilization of high level radioactive waste streams, since they are chemically more durable than the silicate assemblage due to their extremely low solubility [1][2][3][4]. Titanate ceramic formulations have evolved from the original polyphase assemblage to deal with the wide range of fission products, actinides, process chemicals and also more specific compositions of partitioned fission products or actinides.…”