The dual role of cognitive reserve in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 7-year follow-up study

Mazzeo, Salvatore; Padiglioni, Sonia; Bagnoli, Silvia; Bracco, Laura; Nacmias, Benedetta; Sorbi, Sandro; Bessi, Valentina

doi:10.1007/s00415-018-9164-5

Cited by 55 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The effect of ApoE ε4 allele on the risk of progression from SCD to objective cognitive decline (MCI or AD) has already been demonstrated in previous studies . This is not surprising as ApoE ε4 is recognized to be the major genetic risk factor for AD .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…To ascertain the effects of SCD‐plus features on the likelihood of conversion from SCD to AD, a binomial logistic regression was performed considering conversion as the dependent variable and including SCD‐plus features (subjective decline in memory rather than other cognitive domains, onset of SCD within the last 5 years, age at onset ≥60 years, ApoE) as covariates. The onset of SCD within the last 3.5 years, experience of impairment (as it was statistically significantly different between SCD‐nc and SCD‐c), family history of AD and TIB (as known risk modifiers for AD ) were also included in the analysis. Concerns (worries) associated with SCD, one of the SCD‐plus features, was not considered as it was reported by all the subjects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the effectiveness of subjective cognitive decline plus criteria in predicting the progression to Alzheimer’s disease: an 11‐year follow‐up study

Mazzeo

Padiglioni

Bagnoli

et al. 2020

Euro J of Neurology

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Background and purpose: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a self-experienced decline in cognitive capacity with normal performance on standardized cognitive tests and has been shown to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). SCD could also be related to other conditions such as normal aging, psychiatric, neurological or medical disorders. The SCD Initiative proposed a set of features (SCD-plus) that increase the likelihood of preclinical AD in individuals with SCD. Our aim was to assess the effect of these features on the risk of conversion from SCD to AD. Methods: In total 150 SCD subjects who underwent extensive neuropsychological investigation, assessment of cognitive complaints and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotyping at baseline and clinical-neuropsychological follow-up for a mean time of 11 years were included. Results: During the follow-up, 20 subjects developed AD. Considering SCDplus features, age at onset ≥60 years and ApoE e4 significantly increased the risk of conversion from SCD to AD. When our sample was stratified into three groups (no risk factor, one risk factor, two risk factors), the proportion of conversion was statistically significantly different between the three groups. Conclusions: Our model allows the risk of AD to be stratified in patients experiencing SCD according to age at onset and ApoE genotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the effectiveness of subjective cognitive decline plus criteria in predicting the progression to Alzheimer’s disease: an 11‐year follow‐up study

Mazzeo

Padiglioni

Bagnoli

et al. 2020

Euro J of Neurology

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“…Previous study has identi ed that the bene cial effect of education on cognitive function can not be modi ed by the APOE ε4 status in healthy older adults with more than 4-year period follow-up [40]. In individuals with SCD, the APOE ε4 allele signi cantly increased the risk of conversion to AD dementia [41], while at the symptomatic stage, the APOE ε4 allele accelerate progression from MCI to AD dementia only in APOE ε4 carriers [32]. However, further studies will be required to understand the mechanisms underlying the role of APOE ε4 allele in regulating the effect of education on cognition across the spectrum of AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the rate of decline in cognition is more rapid in individuals with high CR than those with low CR after they present with the clinical presentation of AD. Indeed, longitudinal studies have con rmed that greater CR attenuated clinical progression at an early stage of AD, while accelerated cognitive decline at an advanced stage AD [31,32]. In particular, a 7-year follow-up study found that high CR delayed progression to MCI about 9 years in SCD subjects in comparison to SCD subjects with low CR, while high CR was a risk factor for progression to AD dementia in MCI patients with APOE ε4 [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

APOE ε4 Allele Modulates The Differential Effects of Education on Cognition in Alzheimer’s Continuum: The SILCODE Study

Chen

Yang

Han

2020

Preprint

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Background: Elders with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in the absence of objective cognitive impairment are at increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous study has reported that higher education was associated with better performance in cognitive performance in elderly people with SCD. However, it is not clear whether there is a differential effect of education on cognition between healthy controls (HC), individuals with SCD and patients with cognitive impairment (CI).Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study that included 186 HC, 279 SCD subjects and 79 patients with CI from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) project. A series of neuropsychological tests of memory, executive, language, and general cognitive function were used to assess the subjects cognitive performance. We performed multiple linear regression models to examine the effect of education on neuropsychological test scores in the total sample and then described differences in the effect according to three different groups. In addition, we presented the effect of education on total test score expressed as a global composite z-scores in the total sample and three different groups, respectively. Furthermore, we examined whether apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE ε4) status would regulate the effect of education on the global composite score among three different groups.Results: Education has a positive effect on cognition in the total sample. Stratification for different groups showed that the positive effect of education on cognition is found in HC and SCD group, while education has a negative effect on cognition in the CI group. Furthermore, we found the APOE ε4 allele does not modify the positive effect of education on cognition in the HC group, but the APOE ε4 allele weaken that beneficial effect in the SCD group and maintain the negative effect in the CI group.Conclusions: High education may delay the progression from SCD to cognitive impairment and yield differential effects on cognition across the spectrum of AD. Furthermore, that differential effects are subjected to modulation by the APOE ε4 status.

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“…According to the theory, individuals with high CR remain clinically normal in the early stage of AD, but the rate of decline in cognitive performance is more rapid than in those with low CR in the late stage of AD [34]. Indeed, there is a considerable amount of evidence supports that higher levels of CR protect against progression of from SCD to MCI [35,36], and diagnostic conversion for normal cognition [37,38]. In this sense, our ndings from this study are consistent with the theory of CR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial impact of education on cognition in amyloid-positive individuals with subjective cognitive decline: The SILCODE study

Chen

Liu

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Previous studies suggest that education is associated with a decreased risk of dementia in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). However, the influence of education on cognition in amyloid-positive SCD subjects is not clear.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study that involved 43 amyloid-negative and 29 amyloid-positive SCD subjects from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) project. Cognitive assessment included episodic memory, executive function, language, and general cognitive function. Multiple linear regression model was used to assess the association of education on cognitive performance.Results: Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that education has a protective effect on executive function, language for the amyloid-negative SCD group and language, global cognition for the amyloid-positive SCD group.Conclusions: The present study indicated that education has the potential to delay disease progression in amyloid-positive SCD subjects.

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The dual role of cognitive reserve in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 7-year follow-up study

Cited by 55 publications

References 65 publications

Assessing the effectiveness of subjective cognitive decline plus criteria in predicting the progression to Alzheimer’s disease: an 11‐year follow‐up study

Assessing the effectiveness of subjective cognitive decline plus criteria in predicting the progression to Alzheimer’s disease: an 11‐year follow‐up study

APOE ε4 Allele Modulates The Differential Effects of Education on Cognition in Alzheimer’s Continuum: The SILCODE Study

Beneficial impact of education on cognition in amyloid-positive individuals with subjective cognitive decline: The SILCODE study

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