“…Second, infants in the current study were also from low-risk family environments, and the current findings may not reflect how parent-infant adrenocortical attunement may be altered for infants from impoverished, high-stress environments, or for infants at significant developmental risk. For instance, Provenzi et al (2019) found that full-term compared to very preterm three-month-old infants displayed significant within-time cortisol correlations with their mothers in the SFP. Lastly, infants and their parents were from white, middle-class, two-parent, mother-father families in the U.S., be noted that Abraham et al (2014), using an Israeli sample, found that primary caregiver mother, secondary caregiver (heterosexual), and primary caregiver same-sex fathers demonstrated a similar "global parental caregiving brain network" contributing to parentinfant biobehavioral synchrony.…”