“…However, using this method often results in low level of validity and reliability of the study instruments (Erkut, Alarcón, Coll, Tropp, & García, 1999;Sperber, Devellis, & Boehlecke, 1994). Hence, the preferred and recommended approach should involve at least forward translation, back-translation, and testing among target language subjects (Maneesriwongul & Dixon, 2004).…”