The double burden of malnutrition among youth: Trajectories and inequalities in four emerging economies

Schott, Whitney; Aurino, Elisabetta; Penny, Mary E.; Behrman, Jere R.

doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2019.05.009

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the YLCS sampling methodology favored data from more rural communes. However, urban versus rural sampling may only partly explain this difference, as the more recent data may be consistent with the current trend of increasing rates of childhood ow/ob in Vietnam [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study

et al. 2021

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Background Over recent decades, Vietnam has experienced rapid economic growth, a nutrition transition from the traditional diet to highly-processed and calorie-dense foods and beverages, and an increasing prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity (ow/ob). The goal of this study is to describe the patterns of ow/ob in a longitudinal sample of Vietnamese children from ages 1 to 8, and the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with ow/ob at age 8. Methods This study is a secondary data analysis of a geographically-representative, longitudinal cohort of 1961 Vietnamese children from the Young Lives Cohort Study from 2002 to 2009. Thirty-one communities were selected with oversampling in rural communities, and children age 1 were recruited from each community using simple random sampling. Surveys of families and measurements of children were collected at child ages 1, 5, and 8. Our specified outcome measure was childhood ow/ob at age 8, defined by the World Health Organization’s thresholds for body-mass-index (BMI) for age Z-scores. Associations between early and concurrent socio-behavioral factors, childhood nutrition and physical activity variables were analyzed using STATA 15. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were completed utilizing logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of ow/ob increased from 1.1% in both sexes at age 1 to 7% in females and 13% in males at age 8. Bivariate analyses show greater likelihood of ow/ob at age 8 was significantly associated with early life sociodemographic factors (at age 1), male sex (OR = 2.2, 1.6–3.1), higher wealth (OR = 1.1–1.4), and urban residence (OR = 4.3, 3–6). In adjusted analyses, ow/ob at age 8 was associated with early nutrition practices at age 5, including frequent consumption of powdered milk (OR = 2.8, 1.6–4.6), honey/sugar (OR = 2.7, 1.8–4.1), prepared restaurant/fast foods (OR = 4.6, 2.6–8.2), and packaged sweets (OR = 3.4, 2.3–4.9). In addition, breastfeeding for 6 months or longer was protective against obesity at age 8 (OR = 0.3, 0.1–0.9). Conclusions We found that increased consumption of powdered milk, honey/sugar, packaged sweets, and prepared restaurants/fast foods are associated with childhood ow/ob. In contrast, breastfeeding for 6 months or longer was protective against childhood ow/ob. These findings suggest that public health programs and campaigns aimed to prevent childhood ow/ob in Vietnam should target early feeding practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study

et al. 2021

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“…Recent epidemiological studies on the double burden of malnutrition in South Asia have focused on women of reproductive age [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] and mother-child pairs [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. However, only a few studies quantified the double burden of malnutrition among adolescents in India, overlooking the rest of the South Asian countries [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. These publications identified factors contributing to malnutrition such as socioeconomic status [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], hygiene behaviour [ 27 ], maternal education [ 29 , 30 ] and urban/rural residence [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Double Burden of Malnutrition and Associated Factors among South Asian Adolescents: Findings from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey

et al. 2021

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The health and nutrition of the global adolescent population have been under-researched, in spite of its significant size (1.2 billion). This study investigates the prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition (stunting, thinness and overweight) among adolescents living in South Asia. The sample analysed was 24,053 South Asian schooled adolescents aged 12–15 years that participated in the cross-sectional Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) between 2009 and 2016. The prevalence of stunting, thinness and overweight was calculated using the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Reference 2007. Associations between the three forms of malnutrition and their possible associated factors were assessed with binary logistic regression analysis using bootstrapping as a resampling method. The overall prevalence of stunting in South Asia was 13%, thinness was 10.8% and overweight was 10.8%. In the logistic regression model of the overall pooled sample, the factors associated with adolescent malnutrition were: age, hygiene behaviours, social support, sedentary behaviour, and tobacco use. A substantial proportion of stunting, thinness and overweight was found among school-going South Asian adolescents, indicating that the double burden of malnutrition is present in this population. Future research should seek to further understand the relationship between all forms of malnutrition and its associated factors in the adolescent population.

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“…For many low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), childhood obesity is an emerging problem. Many countries exhibit the "double-burden of malnutrition", in which childhood underweight and overweight both exist 2 . Though nutrition research in LMICs historically focused on malnutrition in terms of undernutrition, the World Health Organization's 2016 policy report addresses overweight and obesity as a growing global health challenge with urgency for the United Nations to act promptly 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key informants’ perspectives on childhood obesity in Vietnam: A qualitative study

Trat

Tieu

et al. 2021

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Background: Vietnam’s postwar globalization, economic development, and urbanization have contributed to a nutrition transition from traditional diets to highly-processed diets, and increased prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. There is a need to understand the attitudes and behaviors driving this epidemic. Methods: This qualitative study focused on the perspectives and practices of Vietnamese parents, schoolteachers and doctors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of twelve regarding the historical, social, and cultural influences contributing to childhood overweight and obesity. Audio-recorded interviews were translated and transcribed, then analyzed using modified ground theory to identify themes and representative quotes. Results: Five themes were identified: 1) Change in diet between generations, 2) Preference for rounder children, 3) Unhealthy feeding practices, 4) Reduced physical activity, and 5) Increasing awareness of childhood obesity. A conceptual map detailed the shift from wartime to postwar economic environment and psycho-social context for raising children to be large, safe and academically-successful. Conclusion: We found globalization, urbanization and economic development—in the context of historical, social and cultural attitudes—may contribute to increasing child obesity in Vietnam. Reduction through public health and educational institutions should involve policies and programs for healthy eating and exercise, tailored to address parental figures’ concerns.

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The double burden of malnutrition among youth: Trajectories and inequalities in four emerging economies

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study

Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study

The Double Burden of Malnutrition and Associated Factors among South Asian Adolescents: Findings from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey

Key informants’ perspectives on childhood obesity in Vietnam: A qualitative study

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