The Dosimetric and Radiobiological Assessment of Three Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Techniques for The Treatment of Oropharyngeal Cancer

Abstract

In 1993, de Badajoz et al. performed the first laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) which is thought to lead to a faster recovery, shorter hospital stays, decreased morbidity, and more rapid return to daily activities, in addition to maintaining the same functional and oncological outcomes as ORC [6]. The complication rate of ORC is in the range of 40-65% with a transfusion requirement of around 66%, while the major complication rates range between 10-12% and a mortality of 2-3%. LRC can also provide an advantage of less blood loss, analgesic requirement, reduced scarring, and less complications. Despite these advantages, LRC is a technically challenging procedure that requires a high level of laparoscopic skills and has a long learning curve [6]. Open Radical Cystectomy (ORC) has been the gold standard technique.