The dose–response of pain throughout a Nordic hamstring exercise intervention

Behan, Fearghal P.; Opar, David A.; Vermeulen, Robin; Timmins, Ryan G.; Whiteley, Rodney

doi:10.1111/sms.14317

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Three separate investigators supervised in a crossover fashion, with each supervisor alternating their intervention group on a weekly basis. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) values were assessed during each session using a verbal Numerical Rating Scale of 0–10, with the peak weekly value used for analysis 14. After 6 weeks, participants completed a final SLHB test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing hamstring injury prevention programmes remotely: a randomised proof of concept trial

Behan,

van Dyk,

Rane

et al. 2024

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to (1) compare the effectiveness of a Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) versus single-leg Romanian deadlift (SLRDL) exercise programme on a hamstring injury risk surrogate; (2) compare the muscle soreness experienced by both exercise programmes; and (3) assess compliance to remote injury prevention exercise protocols through video software.MethodsTwenty participants (10 women and 10 men: 21.45±1.6 years; 176±23 cm; 70±10 kg) were randomised into an NHE or SLRDL programme for 6 weeks. Single-leg hamstring bridge (SLHB), a hamstring injury surrogate, was the primary outcome for exercise efficacy. Muscle soreness and exercise adherence were also assessed. Significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsBoth exercises increased SLHB performance resulting in an overall effect (p=0.013) with no effect for group (p=0.470) and no interaction effect (p=0.709), indicating both groups improved but there was no difference in improvement between interventions. There was no difference in muscle soreness between groups (p=0.087). Finally, both groups had 100% adherence to the programme.ConclusionsBoth the NHE and SLRDL are equally effective in increasing SLHB performance and demonstrate a similar level of muscle soreness. This suggests that SLRDL may be a viable option as a preventative exercise to mitigate the risk of hamstring injury. Finally, implementing injury prevention programmes remotely has the potential to enhance adherence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) values were assessed during each session using a verbal Numerical Rating Scale of 0–10, with the peak weekly value used for analysis. 14 After 6 weeks, participants completed a final SLHB test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing hamstring injury prevention programmes remotely: a randomised proof of concept trial

Behan,

van Dyk,

Rane

et al. 2024

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…However, the impact of the 11+ injury prevention programme on hamstring strain injuries in male collegiate soccer players has not been specifically investigated. The impact of compliance and implementation of HSI prevention has been debated vigorously, with the current literature suggesting that Nordic hamstring interventions that are not used regularly or used with low or poor compliance are not as successful at mitigating HSI as those who implement with higher compliance and fidelity 27–31. In relationship to harder endpoints such as number of HSIs and recovery time from injury, data are however lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In relationship to harder endpoints such as number of HSIs and recovery time from injury, data are however lacking. As introduction of high-volume strength training for the hamstrings induces more delayed onset muscle soreness, understanding how little weekly exposure to this type of stimuli might still be protective of hamstring strain injury is of high importance 27…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 11+ injury prevention programme decreases rate of hamstring strain injuries in male collegiate soccer players

Silvers-Granelli,

Silverman,

Bizzini

et al. 2024

Br J Sports Med

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ObjectivesTo investigate if the 11+ injury prevention programme decreases the risk of hamstring injury and improves recovery time and determine whether compliance with the 11+ affects hamstring injury risk.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis from a prospective cluster randomised controlled trial that included 65 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) division I and II men’s soccer teams over the fall 2012 season. Thirty-one teams were randomised to the intervention group that were using the 11+ as their warm-up and 35 teams to the control group that continued to use their traditional warm-up. Each certified athletic trainer (ATC) collected data on demographics, hamstring injury (HSI), mechanism of injury, position, playing surface, time lost due to injury and compliance to the 11+ programme.ResultsThe 11+ decreased the risk of HSI by 63% compared with the control group (RR=0.37, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.63). Difference in return to play after HSI between the control (9.4±11.2 days) and intervention groups (10.2±11.3 days) was not significant (p=0.8). High compliance (>2 or more doses on average per week) reduced the risk of HSI by 78% (RR=0.22, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.87) compared with low compliance (<1 dose on average per week), and moderate compliance (1 to <2 doses on average per week) decreased the risk of HSI by 67% (RR=0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.97) compared with low compliance. There was no significant difference between high and moderate compliance.ConclusionThe 11+ decreased the risk of HSI by 63% but did not improve recovery time. High to moderate compliance is essential and makes the programme more effective at reducing HSI.

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“…Despite these apparent benefits, the NHE is still not widely implemented in field-based team sports (15). The lack of NHE implementation may be due to fear of muscle soreness caused by this relatively high-intensity eccentric stimulus (16), which has led to interest in isometric hamstring exercises interventions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Eccentric or Isometric Training on Strength, Architecture, and Sprinting across an Australian Football Season

TIMMINS,

FILOPOULOS,

GIANNAKIS

et al. 2023

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose Investigate impact of an isometric (ISO) or Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) intervention, alongside a sprint training program on hamstring strength, architecture and sprinting performance in Australian Footballers. Methods Twenty-five male athletes undertook NHE (n = 13) or ISO (n = 12) training across a 38-week period (including pre-season and in-season). Biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture, isometric and eccentric knee flexor strength were assessed at baseline, end of pre-season (14-weeks) and at the conclusion of the intervention. Sprint times and force-velocity profiles were determined at baseline and at the end of pre-season. Results Following the intervention both groups had significant improvements in BFlh fascicle length (NHE: 1.16 cm, 95%CI 0.68 to 1.63 cm, d = 1.88, p < 0.001; ISO: 0.82 cm, 95%CI 0.57 to 1.06 cm, d = 1.70, p < 0.001), muscle thickness (NHE: 0.11 cm, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.21 cm, d = 0.51, p = 0.032; ISO: 0.21 cm, 95%CI 0.10 to 0.32 cm, d = 0.86, p = 0.002) and eccentric strength (NHE: 83 N, 95%CI 53 to 114 N, d = 1.79, p < 0.001; ISO: 83 N, 95%CI 17 to 151 N, d = 1.17, p = 0.018). Both groups also finished the intervention weaker isometrically than they started (NHE: -45 N, 95%CI -81 to -8 N, d = -1.03, p = 0.022; ISO: -80 N, 95%CI -104 to -56 N, d = -3.35, p < 0.001). At the end of pre-season the NHE group had improved their 5 m sprint time by 3.3% (±2.0%) and their maximum horizontal velocity was 3% (±2.1) greater than the ISO group who saw no changes. Conclusion Both ISO and NHE training with a periodised sprinting program can increase BFlh fascicle length, thickness, and eccentric strength in Australian Footballers. NHE training also improves 5 m sprint time and maximum velocity. However, both interventions reduced isometric strength. These findings provide unique, contextually relevant insights into the adaptations possible in semi-professional athletes.

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The dose–response of pain throughout a Nordic hamstring exercise intervention

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Implementing hamstring injury prevention programmes remotely: a randomised proof of concept trial

Implementing hamstring injury prevention programmes remotely: a randomised proof of concept trial

The 11+ injury prevention programme decreases rate of hamstring strain injuries in male collegiate soccer players

The Effect of Eccentric or Isometric Training on Strength, Architecture, and Sprinting across an Australian Football Season

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