The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and its role in ingestive behavior and body weight regulation

Bellinger, Larry L.; Bernardis, Lee L.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00756-4

Cited by 207 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…An increase in GH secretion elicits an increase in neuropeptide Y (NPY) release within the brain Willesen, Kristensen, and Romer, 1999). Increased NPY activity within the hypothalamus could account for the inhibition of sexual behaviors, HPG activity and the increase in food intake (for reviews see (Bellinger and Bernardis, 2002;Kalra and Kalra, 1996)). These observations suggest that in the rat RFRP-3 has multiple physiologic functions, chief among them may be the regulation of GH secretion and somatic growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat RFamide-related peptide-3 stimulates GH secretion, inhibits LH secretion, and has variable effects on sex behavior in the adult male rat

Johnson

Tsutsui

Fraley

2007

Hormones and Behavior

350

383

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A recently described avian neuropeptide, gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), has been shown to have seasonal regulatory effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadotropin axis (HPG) in several avian species. In the bird, GnIH expression is increased during the photorefractory period and has inhibitory effects on the HPG. A recently described mammalian neuropeptide, RF-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), may be genetically related and functionally similar to this avian neuropeptide. The purposes of this study were to first see if rat RFRP-3 is expressed in the male rat brain and second to determine if ICV injections of RFRP-3 will have effects on feeding and sex behaviors, as well as hormone release from the anterior pituitary. Results confirm other studies in that immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers are observable in areas of the male rat brain known to control the HPG and feeding and sex behaviors. RFRP-3 fibers are also observed in close proximity to GnRH immunoreactive cell bodies. Behavioral tests indicate that high but not low ICV RFRP-3 (500 vs. 100 ng, respectively) significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed all facets of male sex behavior while not having any observable effects on their ability to ambulate. Sex behavior was later exhibited when those same male rats received the ICV vehicle. While suppressing sex behavior, ICV RFRP-3 significantly (p < 0.05) increased food intake compared to controls. ICV RFRP-3 also significantly reduced plasma levels of luteinizing hormone but increased growth hormone regardless of the time of day; however, at no time did RFRP-3 alter plasma levels of FSH, thyroid hormone, or cortisol. These results indicate that although RFRP-3 has similar effects on LH as observed with GnIH in avian species, in the rat RFRP-3 has additional roles in regulating feeding and growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat RFamide-related peptide-3 stimulates GH secretion, inhibits LH secretion, and has variable effects on sex behavior in the adult male rat

Johnson

Tsutsui

Fraley

2007

Hormones and Behavior

350

383

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“…In contrast, bilateral lesions have been associated with anorexia and emaciation (Carmel, 1980). Finally, the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, which may constitute an important neural relay in the central regulation of homeostasis in humans (Dai et al, 1998;Elias et al, 2001;Koutcherov et al, 2004), as it is known to be in rodents (Bellinger and Bernardis, 2002;Thompson and Swanson, 2003), can also be spotted using the T13D MRI sequences. The target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of chronic cluster headaches, i.e., the posterior hypothalamic area (Leone et al, 2001;Fontaine et al, 2010;Franzini et al, 2010), is also clearly identifiable using high-resolution T13D sequences in 1.5T MRI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus

et al. 2012

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Gaining new insights into the anatomy of the human hypothalamus is crucial for the development of new treatment strategies involving functional stereotactic neurosurgery. Here, using anatomical comparisons between histology and magnetic resonance images of the human hypothalamus in the coronal plane, we show that discrete gray and white hypothalamic structures are consistently identifiable by MRI. Macroscopic and microscopic images were used to precisely annotate the MRI sequences realized in the coronal plane in twenty healthy volunteers. MRI was performed on a 1.5T scanner, using a protocol including T1-weighted 3D fast field echo, T1-weighted inversionrecovery, turbo spin echo and T2-weighted 2D fast field echo imaging. For each gray matter structure as well as for white matter bundles, the different MRI sequences were analyzed in comparison to each other. The anterior commissure and the fornix were often identifiable, while the mammillothalamic tract was more difficult to spot. Qualitative analyses showed that MRI could also highlight finer structures such as the paraventricular nucleus, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus, brain nuclei that play key roles in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. The posterior hypothalamic area, a target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of cluster headaches, was readily identified, as was the lateral hypothalamic area, which similar to the aforementioned hypothalamic nuclei, could be a putative target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of obesity. Finally, each of the identified structures was mapped to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. Please find enclosed the revised version of our manuscript "MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus" which we have modified according to the minor comment made by the reviewer#3.We appreciated the careful and incisive evaluation of our data made by the reviewers throughout the reviewing process. We hope that the manuscript is now in suitable form for publication in Neuroimage.  New insights into the anatomy of the human hypothalamus  Specific 1.5T MRI sequences approach histological resolution within the hypothalamus  White matter bundles within the hypothalamus can be identified using 1.5T MRI  Hypothalamic gray structures can be identified using 1.5T MRI *4. HighlightsWe have revised our manuscript to address the minor point raised by reviewer 3.In the "Data analysis" paragraph of the materials and methods section it now reads: "Structures were identified visually based on our knowledge of specific landmarks obtained from anatomical-histological cross sections and with reference to previously published atlases (Swaab et al., 1993;Koutcherov et al., 2000Koutcherov et al., , 2004Koutcherov et al., 2007;Mai et al., 2008); the landmarks used, such as the optic tract, the floor of the diencephalon, the third ventricle, and the fornix, were readily and reliably identifiable in MR scans." AbstractGaining new insights into the anatomy of the hu...

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“…The DMH is involved in a variety of regulatory mechanisms that include the modulation of glucocorticoid secretion, body temperature, arousal, and circadian rhythms of locomotor activity [123]. The DMH receives inputs from cells in the ARC and from brain stem centers that are also implicated in feeding [122]. Lesions restricted to the DMH typically result in hypophagia, although animals can still maintain their body composition [122].…”

Section: Other Hypothalamic Regions That Regulate Food Intake and Bodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal control of energy homeostasis

Gao¹,

Horváth²

2007

FEBS Letters

122

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Neuronal control of body energy homeostasis is the key mechanism by which animals and humans regulate their long-term energy balance. Various hypothalamic neuronal circuits (which include the hypothalamic melanocortin, midbrain dopamine reward and caudal brainstem autonomic feeding systems) control energy intake and expenditure to maintain body weight within a narrow range for long periods of a life span. Numerous peripheral metabolic hormones and nutrients target these structures providing feedback signals that modify the default ''settings'' of neuronal activity to accomplish this balance. A number of molecular genetic tools for manipulating individual components of brain energy homeostatic machineries, in combination with anatomical, electrophysiological, pharmacological and behavioral techniques, have been developed, which provide a means for elucidating the complex molecular and cellular mechanisms of feeding behavior and metabolism. This review will highlight some of these advancements and focus on the neuronal circuitries of energy homeostasis.

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The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and its role in ingestive behavior and body weight regulation

Cited by 207 publications

References 83 publications

Rat RFamide-related peptide-3 stimulates GH secretion, inhibits LH secretion, and has variable effects on sex behavior in the adult male rat

Rat RFamide-related peptide-3 stimulates GH secretion, inhibits LH secretion, and has variable effects on sex behavior in the adult male rat

MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus

Neuronal control of energy homeostasis

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