The dorsal language pathways in stuttering: Response to commentary

Kronfeld-Duenias, Vered; Amir, Ofer; Ezrati-Vinacour, Ruth; Civier, Oren; Ben-Shachar, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.026

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…Structural neuroimaging studies of stuttering have revealed abnormalities in various fronto-parieto-temporal pathways (Chang, Erickson, Ambrose, Hasegawa-Johnson, & Ludlow, 2008; Chang, Horwitz, Ostuni, Reynolds, & Ludlow, 2011; Cykowski, Fox, Ingham, Ingham, & Robin, 2010; Kronfeld-Duenias, Amir, Ezrati-Vinacour, Civier, & Ben-Shachar, 2016; Sommer, Koch, Paulus, Weiller, & Buchel, 2002; Watkins, Smith, Davis, & Howell, 2008). Although the exact assignment of functional processes to the affected tracts is still open to debate (see for example Kronfeld-Duenias, Amir, Ezrati-Vinacour, Civier, & Ben-Shachar, 2017; Neef, Anwander, & Friederici, 2017), it appears that at least some of the pathways may impair the connectivity between speech (pre-)motor regions and auditory regions. This interpretation is consistent with behavioral studies demonstrating that stuttering individuals, as compared with nonstuttering individuals, show reduced compensatory motor responses to unexpected auditory feedback perturbations (Cai et al, 2012; Cai, Beal, Ghosh, Guenther, & Perkell, 2014; Daliri, Wieland, Cai, Guenther, & Chang, 2017; Loucks, Chon, & Han, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stuttering adults' lack of pre-speech auditory modulation normalizes when speaking with delayed auditory feedback

Daliri

Max

2018

Cortex

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Auditory modulation during speech movement planning is limited in adults who stutter (AWS), but the functional relevance of the phenomenon itself remains unknown. We investigated for AWS and adults who do not stutter (AWNS) (a) a potential relationship between pre-speech auditory modulation and auditory feedback contributions to speech motor learning and (b) the effect on pre-speech auditory modulation of real-time versus delayed auditory feedback. Experiment I used a sensorimotor adaptation paradigm to estimate auditory-motor speech learning. Using acoustic speech recordings, we quantified subjects' formant frequency adjustments across trials when continually exposed to formant-shifted auditory feedback. In Experiment II, we used electroencephalography to determine the same subjects' extent of pre-speech auditory modulation (reductions in auditory evoked potential N1 amplitude) when probe tones were delivered prior to speaking versus not speaking. To manipulate subjects' ability to monitor real-time feedback, we included speaking conditions with non-altered auditory feedback (NAF) and delayed auditory feedback (DAF). Experiment I showed that auditory-motor learning was limited for AWS versus AWNS, and the extent of learning was negatively correlated with stuttering frequency. Experiment II yielded several key findings: (a) our prior finding of limited pre-speech auditory modulation in AWS was replicated; (b) DAF caused a decrease in auditory modulation for most AWNS but an increase for most AWS; and (c) for AWS, the amount of auditory modulation when speaking with DAF was positively correlated with stuttering frequency. Lastly, AWNS showed no correlation between pre-speech auditory modulation (Experiment II) and extent of auditory-motor learning (Experiment I) whereas AWS showed a negative correlation between these measures. Thus, findings suggest that AWS show deficits in both pre-speech auditory modulation and auditory-motor learning; however, limited pre-speech modulation is not directly related to limited auditory-motor adaptation; and in AWS, DAF paradoxically tends to normalize their otherwise limited pre-speech auditory modulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stuttering adults' lack of pre-speech auditory modulation normalizes when speaking with delayed auditory feedback

Daliri

Max

2018

Cortex

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The frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its role in speech, language and executive function

Dick

Garic

Graziano

et al. 2019

Cortex

185

125

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In this review, we examine the structural connectivity of a recently-identified fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), and explore its function. We first review structural connectivity studies using tract-tracing methods in non-human primates, and diffusion-weighted imaging and electrostimulation in humans. These studies suggest a monosynaptic connection exists between the lateral inferior frontal gyrus and the pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas of the medial superior frontal gyrus. This connection is termed the FAT. We then review research on the left FAT's putative role in supporting speech and language function, with particular focus on speech initiation, stuttering and verbal fluency. Next, we review research on the right FAT's putative role supporting executive function, namely inhibitory control and conflict monitoring for action. We summarize the extant body of empirical work by suggesting that the FAT plays a domain general role in the planning, timing, and coordination of sequential motor movements through the resolution of competition among potential motor plans. However, we also propose some domain specialization across the hemispheres. On the left hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for speech actions. On the right hemisphere, the circuit is proposed to be specialized for general action control of the organism, especially in the visuo-spatial domain. We close the review with a discussion of the clinical significance of the FAT, and suggestions for further research on the pathway.

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Phonological working memory in developmental stuttering: Potential insights from the neurobiology of language and cognition

Bowers

Hudock

et al. 2018

Journal of Fluency Disorders

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The dorsal language pathways in stuttering: Response to commentary

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Stuttering adults' lack of pre-speech auditory modulation normalizes when speaking with delayed auditory feedback

Stuttering adults' lack of pre-speech auditory modulation normalizes when speaking with delayed auditory feedback

The frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its role in speech, language and executive function

Phonological working memory in developmental stuttering: Potential insights from the neurobiology of language and cognition

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