The Doppler effect and the three most famous experiments for special relativity

Klinaku, Shukri

doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2016.04.011

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At the same time, these accelerated electrons perform helical trajectories with a gradually increasing rotational radius along the axis (Persson, 1963). This jet was observed to extend five thousand light-years at least as shown in Figure 10 ( Felten et al, 1970;Kovalev et al, 2007), and open a small polar FIGURE 9 | Doppler effect applied to the electromagnetic wave causing the change of wavelength in special relativity (Klinaku, 2016). This is a redrawn figure according to special relativity, and each circle represents the wave front.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Theories Explaining the Superluminal L...mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Even if the moving body is slower than the sonic wave, the theory still predicts a possibly faster-than-sound phenomenon on the Earth. The Doppler effect used to explain the observed change of the light wavelength in special relativity (Klinaku, 2016) is demonstrated in Figure 9. The theory proposed in the references (Rees, 1966;Rees, 1967) belongs to the field of special relativity.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Theories Explaining the Superluminal L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Average Radial Speed of Light From Near to Far Space Surrounding the Kerr–Newman Super-Gravitational Source

Pei

2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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The Kerr–Newman metric is used to discuss the average radial speed of light from near to far space surrounding the super-gravitational source like a black hole which can be observed by a weak-gravitational reference frame such as an observer on the Earth. The velocity equation of light near the black hole is represented by the Boyer–Lindquist coordinates (t, r, θ, and ϕ), and the main parameters are the Schwarzschild radius RS, the rotation term a, and the charged term RQ. From the calculations, the average radial speed of light from r = RS to r = αRS with α>1 is possibly observed exceeding c by an observer on the Earth. The result can extend to the large r place when the rotation of the black hole is high or the charge is very large. This average radial speed finally approaches c far away from the black hole. We also propose a new explanation based on our results that the observation of the faster-than-light particle is due to the light bending near the Kerr–Newman black hole or supermassive star with very strong gravity. In addition, two superluminal theories used to explain the speed of light in astronomy are compared. One is the Doppler effect in special relativity, and the other is the change in the photon speed due to the QED contribution of one-loop vacuum polarization to the photon effective action. The former seems to mainly appear as the change of the observed wavelength or frequency, while the latter is probably the random and irregular occurrences. Our explanation is based on the Kerr–Newman metric in general relativity, and it extends the discussion from the flat spacetime in special relativity to the curved spacetime which is suitable for many superluminal observations near the super-gravitational sources like the black hole. Our calculations are used to verify tangible observations like the M87 jet.

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Section: Comparison With Other Theories Explaining the Superluminal L...mentioning

confidence: 90%