“…Their data support studies that have explicitly dealt with the determination of doping prevalence and assume a significantly higher prevalence of doping (Gleaves et al, 2021 ). Comparable to coaches' perception (Pöppel and Büsch, 2019 ), athletes perceive foreign countries to be more doping-polluted . Thus, athletes have the impression that cleaner competitions are more likely to occur in the national setting than in the international setting.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Regardless of the type of sports, both groups of athletes appear to be in a favorable starting position, with a negative attitude toward doping. This critical attitude is a typical phenomenon regarding self-reported doping attitudes (e.g., Vargo et al, 2015 ; Pöppel and Büsch, 2019 ). However, the heterogeneity of data regarding doping attitudes (see Figure 2 ) indicate that individual athletes with a slightly negative attitude perish in the group analysis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Additionally, we face a more optimistic view of the situations in one's country. Coaches or fans, for example, estimated the prevalence in international competitive sports to be significantly higher than in the national setting (Solberg et al, 2010 ; Pöppel and Büsch, 2019 ).…”
Conclusions from doping prevention literature recommend tailored anti-doping education for athletes' specific needs. Newer approaches like the International Standard for Education of the World Anti-Doping Agency recommend a needs assessment before implementing measures. The International Standard for Education refers to the type of sports and its associated risk for doping. Following this idea, elite athletes from different types of sports should differ in their prerequisites for doping prevention. Consequently, the guiding research question focused on exploring the doping-prevention-related background of young athletes as a particular group for prevention efforts. Sixty young elite athletes (58.3% male) took part in a cross-sectional online survey, which was quantitatively analyzed. Participants included 26 athletes from a sport with low doping prevalence (sailing) and 34 athletes from a sport associated with high doping prevalence (wrestling). Sailors and wrestlers differed concerning the perceived resistance against doping temptations (p = 0.031, r = 0.31) and the estimated actual doping prevalence regarding sports in general (national frame: p < 0.001, r = 0.60; international frame: p = 0.013, r = 0.43). No differences between the two types of sports occurred, referring to doping attitudes, tendency to disengage morally, or topics athletes wish to learn about during doping prevention measures. All results indicated a good baseline for doping prevention with young elite athletes at the beginning of their careers. There is no sport-specific needs profile that could be used as a base for tailored measures. However, the data suggest that a differentiated consideration of gender could be helpful in the planning of doping prevention measures.
“…Their data support studies that have explicitly dealt with the determination of doping prevalence and assume a significantly higher prevalence of doping (Gleaves et al, 2021 ). Comparable to coaches' perception (Pöppel and Büsch, 2019 ), athletes perceive foreign countries to be more doping-polluted . Thus, athletes have the impression that cleaner competitions are more likely to occur in the national setting than in the international setting.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Regardless of the type of sports, both groups of athletes appear to be in a favorable starting position, with a negative attitude toward doping. This critical attitude is a typical phenomenon regarding self-reported doping attitudes (e.g., Vargo et al, 2015 ; Pöppel and Büsch, 2019 ). However, the heterogeneity of data regarding doping attitudes (see Figure 2 ) indicate that individual athletes with a slightly negative attitude perish in the group analysis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Additionally, we face a more optimistic view of the situations in one's country. Coaches or fans, for example, estimated the prevalence in international competitive sports to be significantly higher than in the national setting (Solberg et al, 2010 ; Pöppel and Büsch, 2019 ).…”
Conclusions from doping prevention literature recommend tailored anti-doping education for athletes' specific needs. Newer approaches like the International Standard for Education of the World Anti-Doping Agency recommend a needs assessment before implementing measures. The International Standard for Education refers to the type of sports and its associated risk for doping. Following this idea, elite athletes from different types of sports should differ in their prerequisites for doping prevention. Consequently, the guiding research question focused on exploring the doping-prevention-related background of young athletes as a particular group for prevention efforts. Sixty young elite athletes (58.3% male) took part in a cross-sectional online survey, which was quantitatively analyzed. Participants included 26 athletes from a sport with low doping prevalence (sailing) and 34 athletes from a sport associated with high doping prevalence (wrestling). Sailors and wrestlers differed concerning the perceived resistance against doping temptations (p = 0.031, r = 0.31) and the estimated actual doping prevalence regarding sports in general (national frame: p < 0.001, r = 0.60; international frame: p = 0.013, r = 0.43). No differences between the two types of sports occurred, referring to doping attitudes, tendency to disengage morally, or topics athletes wish to learn about during doping prevention measures. All results indicated a good baseline for doping prevention with young elite athletes at the beginning of their careers. There is no sport-specific needs profile that could be used as a base for tailored measures. However, the data suggest that a differentiated consideration of gender could be helpful in the planning of doping prevention measures.
“…Also, indicate the health consequences of such athletes' behavior. In a study by Poppel et al [2] it is noted that coaches play a significant role in the attitude of young fencers (swords) to their own health. The authors offer their own views on the role of the coach in the prevention of doping by young athletes.…”
Background and Study Aim. Training of motor actions of young athletes requires consideration the peculiarities of the sensitive period of their development. An important component of the training program is the use of training tools that do not harm the health of young athletes. The purpose of the study is to identify the dynamics of physical training and provide an assessment of technical and tactical techniques of fencers (sword) aged 9-11 years under the influence of the author's program.
Material and methods. The study involved young fencers (n = 20; age 9-11 years). The study lasted one academic year. The training was held in the gym of the children's and youth sports school "Wave" (Kharkiv, Ukraine). Athletes were divided into two uniform groups: control group (n = 10) and experimental group (n = 10). Classes were held according to the author's program 4 times a week for 2 hours. A survey of trainers of trainers (n = 12) and experienced fencers (n = 30) was conducted. Parents of children agreed to participate in the study. The following tests were used: “Standing Long Jump Test (Broad Jump), cm”; “4x9 m Shuttle test, sec.”; "Hits into the target, 30 sec. points"; "Simulation exercises of a simple fencing combination, sec.". The program "Microsoft Excel" Data Analysis, SPSS was used. The level of reliability is selected p <0.05.
Results. Significant changes in the indicators of the control group were obtained: “Standing Long Jump Test (Broad Jump), cm”, (p <0.05); in the test "4x9 m Shuttle test, sec." (p <0.05); both tests have assessment of technical and tactical techniques (p <0.01). In the experimental group, all tests showed positive changes (p <0.01). In comparison of two groups with each other in the tests "Standing Long Jump Test (Broad Jump), cm", "4x9 m Shuttle test, sec." and " Hits into the target, 30 sec. points" there were positive statistically significant changes (p <0.05). In the test "Simulation exercises of a simple fencing combination, sec." no significant changes occurred (p˃0.05).
Conclusions. It is recommended to take into account the effects of exercise on the health of young athletes when designing a fencing training program.
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