The Donostia method for the stress measurements in architectural heritage

Barrallo, Javier; Zulueta, Asier; Beitia, Santiago Sánchez

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1305.1999.tb01141.x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This situation makes it impossible to get a reference value for the stress in order to compare exactly the results of the hole-drilling technique to the applied stress. The brick masonry has been exhaustively monitored making it possible to deduce that, for an applied stress to the pressure group of 1.96 N/mm 2 , the stresses on both sides of the wall varies between 1.56 N/mm 2 [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The constants A t and B t are obtained from some parameters "a" and "b" (Standard ASTM 837-95) that have been deduced for steel and for experimental dimensions that are much lower than the ones used in this research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the relation between such dimensions has been faithfully followed in order to assure the relaxation of stresses in the measured area. In previous works it has been experimentally checked that these dimensions assure the complete stress relaxation by the material extraction [3,4]. For the dimensions used on masonries there is not a standard drill device to follow the exact procedure proposed by the ASTM Standard.…”

Section: The Hole-drilling Technique In Architectural Heritagementioning

confidence: 99%

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The hole-drilling technique for the stresses measurements in brick masonries

Beitia¹

2007

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol 95

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This paper deals with the application of the hole-drilling technique for the measurement of the stresses in the structural elements of cultural heritage constructions. The method involves glued strain gages at the surface of a piece of masonry. The drilling device is a diamond crown extracting a cylinder of material in a concentric way with the circumference (12 cm diameter) of the strain gages position. At least three strain gages are placed in the area under consideration. The strain gages record the strains originated by stress relaxation after extracting a round of 3.6 cm diameter and 4.8 cm in depth. The stresses before drilling can be deduced with an appropriate mathematical scheme. This experimental procedure has been called Donostia Method by the author in previous works being an ASTM technique. Brick masonry has been built and loaded at the laboratory in order to check the method before actual works on site take place. This constructive element is widely used in cultural heritage constructions. A known stress has been applied to the masonry in order to compare it with the results obtained by means of the hole-drilling technique. The results obtained are very close to what is expected. The technique is harmless for the material and allows the deduction of the principal stresses and their directions for a bi-dimensional state of stresses on the surface. In addition, the method allows for the measurement of tensile stresses. Thus the hole-drilling technique is a minor-destructive method of testing giving more information than the flat jacks technique. The deduction of the stresses is strongly influenced by the constants that relate them with strains measured after drilling. This paper analyzes two different methods to deduce such constants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Hole-drilling Technique In Architectural Heritagementioning

confidence: 99%

The hole-drilling technique for the stresses measurements in brick masonries

Beitia¹

2007

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol 95

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“…Due to the rosette and hole drilling having to be handmade, the scale should be increased to ease the process and to avoid errors. The authors of this paper were pioneers adapting the method for masonry structures in order to measure load stresses instead of manufacturing stresses [10][11][12][13][14]. There was no commercial rosette for this bigger scale and a rosette was designed using eight single strain gauges (Fig.…”

Section: Adaptation Of the Hole-drilling Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the hole-drilling method for measuring stress in timber structural elements subjected to compression perpendicular to the fibres

Antonio¹,

Luengas-Carreño²,

Beitia³

2017

Int. J. HA

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The hole-drilling method should be included among semi-destructive techniques (SDTs) in the in situ structural assessment. Many useful techniques are used in heritage for material assessment to measure density, stiffness or deterioration level in different materials, but there was not a technique used strictly for the structural analysis or for measuring stresses. Hole drilling is considered an SDT because drilling is needed to remove a part of the material in order to relax the existing stress. The relaxed strains are inferred due to the extraction of the material by drilling a hole of 18 mm in diameter and 16 mm in depth. The damage caused by that hole is minor and it does not affect the integrity of the supporting element nor its load-bearing capacity. Traditionally, the method was based on the ASTM E837 standard, only referred to residual stress in isotropic materials. These researchers have adapted the method for this natural orthotropic material: wood. Hole drilling has been adapted for a new material, a new application and a new scale. The importance of this new application lies in the possibility of measuring the current stress status derived from structural loads and other constructive actions in an existent building. This paper focuses on the measurement of a special situation in wood: compression perpendicular to the grain. The load-bearing strength of wood is very high in the fibre direction, but it decreases significantly in the perpendicular direction, causing large deformation due to the fibres being crushed. There is a specific piece supporting compression perpendicular to the grain whose Spanish name is 'zapata'. This structural element has been traditionally used in architecture. The tests in this paper were carried out at the laboratory, simulating the stress in 'zapatas' in real structures. The results obtained are the first approach to the application of the hole-drilling technique before applying it in real structures.

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“…The hole drilling technique has been widely applied in previous works to obtain the existent stresses in the structural elements in constructions of cultural heritage [1][2][3][4][5]. The method is based on the strains caught by resistive strain gages (RSG) glued over the element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beitia

Lombillo

Villegas

2010

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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The article deals with the application of the hole drilling technique on structural elements of architectural heritage constructions by using eight fiber optic strain gages. The objective of the research is the on site deduction of the stress state on stone masonry of architectural heritage constructions. The hole drilling method is a Minor Destructive Testing (MDT) giving information about the Principal Stresses of the local stress state around the measured zone and, in consequence, it favours the estimation of the stresses associated with a certain direction, for example the vertical stress of a stone masonry element. Fiber optic technology allows the storage of the strains in the strain gages even when the unit of measure is temporarily not connected. Thus it will be able to monitor the stress measurements as a time function.The tests carried out have compared the applied loads in a laboratory machine with the results obtained by the hole drilling technique through fiber optic strain gages. Until now only resistive strain gages have been used. In this sense the contribution is innovative with an evident advance towards the complete structural characterisation of stone masonry structural elements.

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The Donostia method for the stress measurements in architectural heritage

Cited by 6 publications

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The hole-drilling technique for the stresses measurements in brick masonries

The hole-drilling technique for the stresses measurements in brick masonries

Application of the hole-drilling method for measuring stress in timber structural elements subjected to compression perpendicular to the fibres

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