The dog as natural reservoir host for <i>Paragonimus uterobilateralis</i> in Liberia, West Africa

Sachs, R; Cumberlidge, Neil

doi:10.1080/00034983.1990.11812440

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In addition to crabs belonging to Liberonautes and Sudanonautes genera which were the main intermediate hosts in Cameroon, Liberia and Nigeria, another crab species: Callinectes marginatus, was also cited in Benin. 60 This last finding demonstrates that metacercaria-carrying crabs are not limited to the abovementioned first two genera and other species may be still discovered as intermediate hosts of African Paragonimus. In spite of serial surveys carried out in Africa in the past five decades, a progressive decrease in the prevalence of crab infection was noted and this finding is difficult to interpret.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Human paragonimiasis in Africa

Aka¹,

Adoubryn²,

Rondelaud³

et al. 2008

Ann Afr Med

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An up-to-date review on human paragonimiasis in Africa was carried out to determine the current geographical distribution of human cases and analyze the animal reservoir, snails and crustaceans which intervene in the local life cycle of Paragonimus species. Two countries, i.e., Cameroon and Nigeria, were mainly affected by this disease, while the distribution of human cases in the other eight states of the intertropical zone was scattered. Infected patients were currently few in number and two Paragonimus species: P. africanus and P. uterobilateralis, were found. The animal reservoir is mainly constituted by crab-eating mammals. The identity of the host snail remains doubtful and was either a prosobranch, or a land snail. Seven crab species belonging to Callinectes, Liberonautes and Sudanonautes genera are able to harbour paragonimid metacercariae. Due to the current low prevalence of human paragonimiasis recorded in Africa and the high cost of wide-scale screenings for this disease, training of technicians in anti-tuberculosis centers would be the most realistic attitude to detect mycobacteria and/or Paragonimus eggs during the same sputum examination. Key words: Paragonimus spp., Africa, human paragonimiasis, intermediate hosts, tuberculosis RésuméUne revue sur la paragonimose en Afrique a été réalisée pour déterminer la distribution géographique actuelle des cas humains et analyser le réservoir animal, les mollusques et les crustacés qui interviennent dans le cycle local des espèces de Paragonimus. Deux pays, à savoir le Cameroun et le Nigeria, sont principalement affectés par cette maladie tandis que la répartition des cas humains dans les huit autres états de la zone intertropicale est dispersée. Les patients parasités sont actuellement peu nombreux et deux espèces de Paragonimus: P. africanus et P. uterobilateralis, ont été identifiées. Le réservoir animal est principalement constitué par des mammifères mangeurs de crabes. L'identité du mollusque hôte reste douteuse et se rapporte à un prosobranche ou à un mollusque terrestre. Sept espèces de crabes appartenant aux genres Callinectes, Liberonautes et Sudanonautes sont capables d'héberger des métacercaires de Paragonimus. En raison de la faible prévalence actuelle de la paragonimose humaine en Afrique et du coût élevé du dépistage à grande échelle pour cette maladie, la formation des techniciens dans les centres anti-tuberculeux serait l'attitude la plus réaliste pour détecter simultanément les mycobactéries ou les oeufs de Paragonimus, lors de l'examen du même crachat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Human paragonimiasis in Africa

Aka¹,

Adoubryn²,

Rondelaud³

et al. 2008

Ann Afr Med

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“…The search for the first intermediate host of Paragonimus in Africa (and the parasite larval stages that develop there) has mainly focused on aquatic species of snails found at identified foci of the disease; but such investigations have not been successful (Voelker and Vogel, 1965; Mouyo-Somo et al ., 1984; Sachs and Cumberlidge, 1989, 1990 a ). The non-swimming morphology of the typical Paragonimus spp.…”

Section: Paragonimus Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The non-swimming morphology of the typical Paragonimus spp. cercaria suggests that it would be reasonable to broaden the search for this missing stage beyond the aquatic environment to include adjacent land where semi-terrestrial/terrestrial snail species such as Homorus ( Striasubulina ) striatella are found (Sachs and Cumberlidge, 1989, 1991 a ; Moyou-Somo and Guemgne-Simo, 1995).…”

Section: Paragonimus Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This review focuses on the current understanding of the life cycle and transmission of Paragonimus in Africa, discusses its diagnosis and public health importance and highlights the many gaps in knowledge that still exist. Voelker (1973); Sachs and Voelker (1982); Sachs and Cumberlidge (1989, 1990a, 1990b, 1990c, 1991a, 1991b Liberia Sachs and Voelker (1982) Reports of Paragonimus spp. from other African countries (summarized in Aka et al, 2009) have not been included here because of doubts about the identification of the parasite in those records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paragonimusand paragonimiasis in West and Central Africa: unresolved questions

et al. 2018

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Paragonimiasis, human lung fluke disease, is a foodborne anthropozoonosis caused by the trematodes assigned to Paragonimus and is regarded by the World Health Organization as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). The life cycle of this medically important parasite centres on a complex freshwater biological community that includes two intermediate hosts: a mollusc and a decapod, usually a brachyuran. Although there is a perception that the biology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Paragonimus is well understood, in reality, this is not the case, especially in Africa. Much remains unknown concerning the life-cycle of the parasite, its transmission, the current epidemiology of the disease, diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment. Furthermore, cases of paragonimiasis may be misdiagnosed as resistant tuberculosis (TB) because of the similar pulmonary symptoms and no remission after anti TB therapy. The endemic foci of human paragonimiasis in Africa have been reported mainly in the forest zones of Upper Guinea (Liberia, Guinea and Ivory Coast) and Lower Guinea (Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon). Despite the perceived medical importance of paragonimiasis, relatively little attention has been paid to this NTD since its discovery in Africa in the 1960s. This review focuses on the current understanding of the life cycle and transmission of Paragonimus in Africa, discusses its diagnosis and public health importance and highlights many outstanding gaps in the knowledge that still exist for this NTD.

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