“The doctor said formula would help me”: Health sector influences on use of infant formula in peri-urban Lima, Peru

Rothstein, Jessica D.; Caulfield, Laura E.; Broaddus-Shea, Elena T.; Muschelli, John; Gilman, Robert H.; Winch, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.029

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…BMS manufacturers and distributors employ various tactics to promote their products. In addition to direct promotion to mothers and their families via television, social media and home visits, manufacturers and distributors promote BMS indirectly via incentives, free samples and activities within the health service setting during pregnancy, hospital stay and after discharge (1,4,(14)(15)(16)(17) . Distribution of free samples of infant formula or promotional materials to pregnant women typically happens during consultations and events organised by BMS manufacturers and distributors, where they familiarise women with the products and aim to increase the preference for certain types of infant formula to use in the future (18,19) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Advice to use infant formula and free samples are common in both urban and rural areas in China: a cross-sectional survey

Nguyen²,

Duan

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine the association between the place of residence and receiving free samples and advice to feed the baby with infant formula. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: This study covered 12 counties/districts in China. Participants: 5,112 mothers with infants aged 0-5.9 months. Results: About 16% of the mothers received free samples of infant formula. During pregnancy, this likelihood was higher among mothers in small and medium cities (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.38) and non-poor rural counties (OR: 4.65; 95% CI: 1.65, 13.14) compared to in big cities. During the hospital stay, it was lower in big cities. After discharge, it was lower in poor rural counties (OR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.41). About 26% of the mothers were advised to feed their infants with infant formula. The likelihood of receiving advice to feed the baby with infant formula from hospitals was lower in non-poor (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.66) and poor rural counties (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.91) than in big cities. Mothers in non-poor rural counties were less likely to receive advice from traditional mass media (OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.48), while in small and medium cities were more likely to receive advice form modern mass media (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.80) compared with mothers in big cities. Conclusions: The promotion strategy of infant formula varies from different places of residence in China. The study suggests the need to strengthen enforcement of relevant regulations, especially within health facilities and through modern mass media.

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confidence: 99%

Advice to use infant formula and free samples are common in both urban and rural areas in China: a cross-sectional survey

Nguyen²,

Duan

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Marketing activities not only affect mothers' decisions in relation to child nutrition but also behaviors and attitudes of medical staff in this regard [3,12,49]. The media created culture of child feeding affects how health professionals and the general public perceive breastfeeding [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Companies use this to involve health care workers in marketing activities to increase the sense of reliability of the advertised content and present them as authority in an ambiguous promotional message. This may diminish the perception of the importance of breastfeeding by mothers [3,12,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promotion of Human Milk Substitutes in the Opinion of Mothers of Young Children

Baranowska¹,

Doroszewska²,

Sys³

et al. 2020

JFNR

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Background. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes was established to reduce the detrimental effect of promotional activities of companies producing BMS on attitudes towards breastfeeding. Objective. The study was carried out to assess maternal opinions on promotional activities related to BMS in medical facilities, participation of medical staff in advising mothers to feed children with BMS, and other promotional activities related to those products. Design. This study was part of the Netcode survey. Data was collected via structured interviews and the results were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics and Chi-Square Post-Hoc analysis using the program SPPS. Settings. Poland. Participants. Women caring for children age 0-36 months (N =380). Results. More than one third of the interviewed women (35%) declared that they were informed to give milk products other than human milk to children below 6 months of age (n=132). Among people recommending these types of products, women mostly indicated health care professionals. In health centers mothers were mainly exposed to brochures and have received free samples of BMS. Conclusions. The investigation has shown a substantial exposition of women to marketing of BMS, with significant involvement of medical professionals. Promoting BMS to mothers who can feed naturally, without providing them enough support to continue natural feeding is unethical. Measures should be implemented to better adhere to the Code.

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“…The communities of Villa El Salvador have historically engaged in co-management of public sector social programs such as Wawa Wasi and an inkind food transfer program called Vaso de Leche ('Glass of Milk') [47]. The challenges of income and food insecurity remain common [48].…”

Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the play and learning environments of children under two years in peri-urban Lima, Peru: a formative research study

et al. 2021

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Background Home-based interventions have potential for improving early child development (ECD) in low-resource settings. The design of locally acceptable strategies requires an in-depth understanding of the household context. In this formative research study, we aimed to characterize the home play and learning environments of children 6–23 months of age from low-income households in peri-urban Lima, Peru. Methods Drawing on the developmental niche framework, we used quantitative and qualitative methods to understand children’s physical and social settings, childcare practices, and caregiver perspectives. We conducted interviews, unstructured video-recorded observations, and spot-checks with 30 randomly selected caregiver-child dyads, 10 from each child age group of 6–11, 12–17, and 18–23 months of age, as well as key informant interviews with 12 daycare instructors. We analyzed the data for key trends and themes using Stata and ATLAS.ti and employed an adapted version of the Indicator of Parent-Child Interaction to evaluate the observations. Results Children’s social settings were characterized by multi-generational homes and the presence of siblings and cousins as play partners. Access to books and complex hand-eye coordination toys (e.g., puzzles, building blocks) in the home was limited (30.0 and 40.0%, respectively). Caregivers generally demonstrated low or inconsistent levels of interaction with their children; they rarely communicated using descriptive language or introduced novel, stimulating activities during play. Reading and telling stories to children were uncommon, yet 93.3% of caregivers reported singing to children daily. On average, caregivers ascribed a high learning value to reading books and playing with electronic toys (rated 9.7 and 9.1 out of 10, respectively), and perceived playing with everyday objects in the home as less beneficial (rated 6.8/10). Daycare instructors reinforced the problems posed by limited caregiver-child interaction and supported the use of songs for promoting ECD. Conclusions The features of the home learning environments highlighted here indicate several opportunities for intervention development to improve ECD. These include encouraging caregivers to communicate with children using full sentences and enhancing the use of everyday objects as toys. There is also great potential for leveraging song and music to encourage responsive caregiver-child interactions within the home setting.

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“The doctor said formula would help me”: Health sector influences on use of infant formula in peri-urban Lima, Peru

Cited by 24 publications

References 68 publications

Advice to use infant formula and free samples are common in both urban and rural areas in China: a cross-sectional survey

Advice to use infant formula and free samples are common in both urban and rural areas in China: a cross-sectional survey

Promotion of Human Milk Substitutes in the Opinion of Mothers of Young Children

Assessing the play and learning environments of children under two years in peri-urban Lima, Peru: a formative research study

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