The division during bacterial sporulation is symmetrically located in <i>Sporosarcina ureae</i>

Zhang, Ling; Higgins, M. L.; Piggot, Patrick J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.5341892.x

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…However, the sporulation division in S. ureae is medially located with respect to cell poles, in contrast to the gross asymmetry of its location for bacilli and clostridia (244,313). Nevertheless, compartmentalization of gene expression is observed in S. ureae, and it is inferred that spatial asymmetry is not required for compartmentalization of gene expression in this species (313). Thus, one plausible factor in the establishment of compartmentalized gene expression, gross volume asymmetry, is eliminated.…”

Section: Sporulation Of Coccimentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The sporulation septa of S. ureae resemble the sporulation septa of bacilli and clostridia in their ultrastructure and are very different from vegetative septa (244). However, the sporulation division in S. ureae is medially located with respect to cell poles, in contrast to the gross asymmetry of its location for bacilli and clostridia (244,313). Nevertheless, compartmentalization of gene expression is observed in S. ureae, and it is inferred that spatial asymmetry is not required for compartmentalization of gene expression in this species (313).…”

Section: Sporulation Of Coccimentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Presumably the DNA translocase function of SpoIIIE is still required in S. ureae. Although the cells formed at division are similar in volume, successive division planes are at right angles to each other (22,313). This change in direction requires that the chromosome reorient at each division.…”

Section: Sporulation Of Coccimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compartmentalization of Gene Expression duringBacillus subtilisSpore Formation

Hilbert

Piggot

2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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318

432

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Gene expression in members of the family Bacillaceae becomes compartmentalized after the distinctive, asymmetrically located sporulation division. It involves complete compartmentalization of the activities of sporulation-specific sigma factors, σF in the prespore and then σE in the mother cell, and then later, following engulfment, σG in the prespore and then σK in the mother cell. The coupling of the activation of σF to septation and σG to engulfment is clear; the mechanisms are not. The σ factors provide the bare framework of compartment-specific gene expression. Within each σ regulon are several temporal classes of genes, and for key regulators, timing is critical. There are also complex intercompartmental regulatory signals. The determinants for σF regulation are assembled before septation, but activation follows septation. Reversal of the anti-σF activity of SpoIIAB is critical. Only the origin-proximal 30% of a chromosome is present in the prespore when first formed; it takes ≈15 min for the rest to be transferred. This transient genetic asymmetry is important for prespore-specific σF activation. Activation of σE requires σF activity and occurs by cleavage of a prosequence. It must occur rapidly to prevent the formation of a second septum. σG is formed only in the prespore. SpoIIAB can block σG activity, but SpoIIAB control does not explain why σG is activated only after engulfment. There is mother cell-specific excision of an insertion element in sigK and σE-directed transcription of sigK, which encodes pro-σK. Activation requires removal of the prosequence following a σG-directed signal from the prespore

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Section: Sporulation Of Coccimentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Sporulation Of Coccimentioning

confidence: 96%

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Compartmentalization of Gene Expression duringBacillus subtilisSpore Formation

Hilbert

Piggot

2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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318

432

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“…Indeed, the similar E. coli DNA translocase, FtsK, is apparently able to pump the DNA into both dividing cells when helping to resolve chromosome dimers during division (22). It is also possible that SpoIIIE Su , which comes from a species that divides symmetrically during sporulation (28), can accommodate different orientations, whereas SpoIIIE from B. subtilis cannot. Nevertheless, it is possible that the final orientation of SpoIIIE Su in the septum is important for correct function in translocating DNA from the mother cell to the prespore.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have tested this possibility by manipulating the transcription of the spoIIIE gene from Sporosarcina ureae in B. subtilis. S. ureae is unusual among spore formers in that the volumes of the prespore and the mother cell are very similar when they are first formed (28). Consequently, gross asymmetry in volume between the two compartments cannot ordinarily determine the orientation of SpoIIIE insertion in S. ureae.…”

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confidence: 99%

Postdivisional Synthesis of theSporosarcina ureaeDNA Translocase SpoIIIE either in the Mother Cell or in the Prespore EnablesBacillus subtilisTo Translocate DNA from the Mother Cell to the Prespore

Chary

Piggot

2003

J Bacteriol

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The differentiation of vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis into spores involves asymmetric cell division, which precedes complete chromosome partitioning. The DNA translocase SpoIIIE is required to translocate the origin distal 70% of the chromosome from the larger mother cell into the smaller prespore, the two cells that result from the division. We have tested the effect of altering the time and location of SpoIIIE synthesis on spore formation. We have expressed the spoIIIE homologue from Sporosarcina ureae in B. subtilis under the control of different promoters. Expression from either a weak mother cell-specific ( E ) promoter or a weak prespore-specific ( F ) promoter partly complemented the sporulation defect of a spoIIIE36 mutant; however, expression from a strong prespore-specific ( F ) promoter did not. DNA translocation from the mother cell to the prespore was assayed using spoIIQ-lacZ inserted at thrC; transcription of spoIIQ occurs only in the prespore. Translocation of thrC::spoIIQ-lacZ into the prespore occurred efficiently when spoIIIE Su was expressed from the weak E -or F -controlled promoters but not when it was expressed from the strong F -controlled promoter. It is speculated that the mechanism directing SpoIIIE insertion into the septum in the correct orientation may accommodate slow postseptational, prespore-specific SpoIIIE synthesis but may be swamped by strong prespore-specific synthesis.The formation of spores from vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis has become a paradigm for the study of cell differentiation in prokaryotes. In common with many such systems, an early stage is an asymmetric division that yields two cells with distinct developmental fates. These cells are the smaller prespore, which develops into the mature spore, and the larger mother cell, which is necessary for spore formation but ultimately lyses (14,17). One of the most surprising features of the sporulation division is that septum formation precedes complete partitioning of a chromosome into the prespore. As a result, only the origin-proximal ϳ30% of a chromosome is present in the prespore (also called the forespore) at the time of septation (24, 26). A DNA translocase, SpoIIIE, is required for the postseptational translocation of the origin-distal 70% of that chromosome from the mother cell to the prespore (2). The spoIIIE gene is transcribed during vegetative growth (6). However, spoIIIE mutants generally display defects only during spore formation, and they are blocked at stage III of sporulation (engulfment of the prespore by the mother cell) (14,20). Consequently, it is thought that SpoIIIE functions primarily during spore formation.The B. subtilis SpoIIIE protein is a 787-residue membrane protein (6). During spore formation, it is localized at the middle of the sporulation division septum, where it is required for translocation of a complete chromosome into the prespore (2, 25). It remains associated with the septal membrane and later moves to the cell pole, where it facilitates the completion of engulfment...

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