The diversity of the bacterial communities associated with the azooxanthellate hexacoral <i>Cirrhipathes lutkeni</i>

Santiago-Vázquez, Lory Z.; Brück, Thomas; Brück, Wolfram M.; Duque-Alarcón, Angela; McCarthy, Peter J.; Kerr, Russell G.

doi:10.1038/ismej.2007.77

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The predominant Bacteria phylum in both healthy and affected corals was Proteobacteria, consistent with previous observations based on culture-independent methods in other reef-building corals (Santiago-Vazquez et al, 2007;Kvennefors et al, 2010). Yet, a shift in the relative sequence abundance of the Proteobacteria classes was strongly associated to the disease in the two coral species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In S. siderea the Chao1 index was higher in the healthy samples, whereas in D. strigosa the index was higher in the affected sample. This indicates that variations in those parameters are heavily dependent upon the basal community composition specific for each coral species, and are not a reflection of the disease condition.The predominant Bacteria phylum in both healthy and affected corals was Proteobacteria, consistent with previous observations based on culture-independent methods in other reef-building corals (Santiago-Vazquez et al, 2007;Kvennefors et al, 2010). Yet, a shift in the relative sequence abundance of the Proteobacteria classes was strongly associated to the disease in the two coral species.…”

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Shifts in bacterial communities of two caribbean reef-building coral species affected by white plague disease

et al. 2011

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Coral reefs are deteriorating at an alarming rate mainly as a consequence of the emergence of coral diseases. The white plague disease (WPD) is the most prevalent coral disease in the southwestern Caribbean, affecting dozens of coral species. However, the identification of a single causal agent has proved problematic. This suggests more complex etiological scenarios involving alterations in the dynamic interaction between environmental factors, the coral immune system and the symbiotic microbial communities. Here we compare the microbiome of healthy and WPD-affected corals from the two reef-building species Diploria strigosa and Siderastrea siderea collected at the Tayrona National Park in the Caribbean of Colombia. Microbiomes were analyzed by combining culture-dependent methods and pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) V5-V6 hypervariable regions. A total of 20 410 classifiable 16S rDNA sequences reads were obtained including all samples. No significant differences in operational taxonomic unit diversity were found between healthy and affected tissues; however, a significant increase of Alphaproteobacteria and a concomitant decrease in the Beta-and Gammaproteobacteria was observed in WPD-affected corals of both species. Significant shifts were also observed in the orders Rhizobiales, Caulobacteriales, Burkholderiales, Rhodobacterales, Aleteromonadales and Xanthomonadales, although they were not consistent between the two coral species. These shifts in the microbiome structure of WPD-affected corals suggest a loss of community-mediated growth control mechanisms on bacterial populations specific for each holobiont system. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 502-512; doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.123; published online 29 September 2011Subject Category: microbial population and community ecology Keywords: bacterial community; white plague disease; coral diseases; pyrosequencing; Diploria strigosa; Siderastrea siderea IntroductionCoral reefs posses an immense biodiversity comparable only to that of the tropical rain forest (Mulhall, 2009). The structural, physiological and ecological bases of reefs are the scleractinian corals. They are in symbiotic relationship with a variety of bacteria and archaea as well as with microalgae (zooxanthellae), which are mainly responsible for the corals' high contribution to primary productivity of coral reefs . Modifications in the structure and relative density of symbiotic microbial communities might have a critical role in the coral adaptation to rapid environmental changes (Reshef et al., 2006). In the last three decades, local and global deterioration of environmental conditions have dramatically compromised the health of corals, which consequently affected the entire coral reef ecosystem. (Harvell et al., 1999(Harvell et al., , 2007Wilkinson, 1999;Green and Bruckner, 2000;Gardner et al., 2003;Pandolfi et al., 2003;Lesser et al., 2007). Recent reports indicate that 58-70% of coral reefs worldwide are threatened by human activities, while more than 30% of the biota associated with Caribb...

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confidence: 79%

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Shifts in bacterial communities of two caribbean reef-building coral species affected by white plague disease

et al. 2011

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“…However, we are only just starting to investigate and understand the forces that govern their patterns of diversity, distribution and role in the coral holobiont ecosystem. Bacteria, archaea and viruses are ubiquitous in the marine system, and thrive in coral reef waters (Sorokin, 1973;Dinsdale et al, 2008), but these communities have been shown to be distinct from those associated with the coral animal (Rohwer et al, 2001(Rohwer et al, , 2002Cooney et al, 2002;Frias-Lopez et al, 2002;Guppy and Bythell, 2006;Santiago-Vazquez et al, 2007;Kvennefors et al, 2010;Sunagawa et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2011;Tremblay et al, 2011;Ceh et al, 2012;Schö ttner et al, 2012), suggesting that there is specific control of the microbiomes (associated bacterial and archaeal communities), by either biological or microenvironmental factors influenced by the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat-specific environmental conditions primarily control the microbiomes of the coral Seriatopora hystrix

et al. 2015

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Reef-building corals form complex relationships with a range of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi and the unicellular microalgae of the genus Symbiodinium, which together form the coral holobiont. These symbionts are known to have both beneficial and deleterious effects on their coral host, but little is known about what the governing factors of these relationships are, or the interactions that exist between the different members of the holobiont and their environment. Here we used 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate how archaeal and bacterial communities associated with the widespread scleractinian coral Seriatopora hystrix are influenced by extrinsic (reef habitat and geographic location) and intrinsic (host genotype and Symbiodinium subclade) factors. Bacteria dominate the microbiome of S. hystrix, with members of the Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteriodetes being the most predominant in all samples. The richness and evenness of these communities varied between reef habitats, but there was no significant difference between distinct coral host lineages or corals hosting distinct Symbiodinium subclades. The coral microbiomes correlated to reef habitat (depth) and geographic location, with a negative correlation between Alpha-and Gammaproteobacteria, driven by the key members of both groups (Rhodobacteraceae and Hahellaceae, respectively), which showed significant differences between location and depth. This study suggests that the control of microbial communities associated with the scleractinian coral S. hystrix is driven primarily by external environmental conditions rather than by those directly associated with the coral holobiont.

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“…Community fingerprinting methods, such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and T-RFLP, allow for comparisons of many different replicates or samples to answer ecological questions concerning both the membership and stability of microbial communities. To understand the physical distribution and abundance of these microbial communities direct observations are required; fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been applied to study the bacterial communities associated with a number of marine hosts including sponges, corals and ascidians (Ainsworth et al, 2006;Hoffmann et al, 2006;Martinez-Garcia et al, 2007;Santiago-Vazquez et al, 2007;Neulinger et al, 2009), as well as to study the bacteria causing gall formation in the marine red algal genus Prionitis (Ashen and Goff, 2000). Wherever the application of FISH directly to algae is difficult because of intense background autofluorescence from algal cells, we previously successfully developed a catalyzed reporter deposition or catalyzed reporter depositionfluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) protocol to study the surface bacterial community of several marine macroalgae (Tujula et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and abundance of the epiphytic bacterial community associated with a green marine Ulvacean alga

et al. 2009

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Marine Ulvacean algae are colonized by dense microbial communities predicted to have an important role in the development, defense and metabolic activities of the plant. Here we assess the diversity and seasonal dynamics of the bacterial community of the model alga Ulva australis to identify key groups within this epiphytic community. A total of 48 algal samples of U. australis that were collected as 12 individuals at 3 monthly intervals, were processed by applying denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and three samples from each season were subjected to catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). CARD-FISH revealed that the epiphytic microbial community was comprised mainly of bacterial cells (90%) and was dominated by the groups Alphaproteobacteria (70%) and Bacteroidetes (13%). A large portion (47%) of sequences from the Alphaproteobacteria fall within the Roseobacter clade throughout the different seasons, and an average relative proportion of 19% was observed using CARD-FISH. DGGE based spatial (between tidal pools) and temporal (between season) comparisons of bacterial community composition demonstrated that variation occurs. Between individuals from both the same and different tidal pools, the variation was highest during winter (30%) and between seasons a 40% variation was observed. The community also includes a sub-population of bacteria that is consistently present. Sequences from excised DGGE bands indicate that members of the Alphaproteobacteria and the Bacteroidetes are part of this stable sub-population, and are likely to have an important role in the function of this marine epiphytic microbial community.

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The diversity of the bacterial communities associated with the azooxanthellate hexacoral Cirrhipathes lutkeni

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Shifts in bacterial communities of two caribbean reef-building coral species affected by white plague disease

Shifts in bacterial communities of two caribbean reef-building coral species affected by white plague disease

Habitat-specific environmental conditions primarily control the microbiomes of the coral Seriatopora hystrix

Variability and abundance of the epiphytic bacterial community associated with a green marine Ulvacean alga

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