The diversity of smallholder chicken farming in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania reveals a range of underlying production constraints

Wilson, Wilson Charles; Slingerland, M.A.; Oosting, S.J.; Baijukya, Frederick P.; Smits, Anne-Jo

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2022.102062

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Such birds, according to Berghof et al (2019) , are more resilient and less susceptible to environmental perturbations (diseases inclusive). Disease prevention in poultry is imperative for survival of the birds ( Sargeant et al, 2019 ; Aboah and Enahoro, 2022 ), while intensifying the small-scale systems ( Wilson et al, 2022 ). However, the abuse of antibiotics is of public health concerns, as it can lead to the multiplication of bacteria that are antibiotic resistant ( Hafez, and Attia, 2020 ; Bamidele and Amole., 2021 ; 2022b ; Zalewska et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth performance, survivability and profitability of improved smallholder chicken genetics in Nigeria: A COVID-19 intervention study

Bamidele¹,

Akinsola

Yakubu

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on smallholder farming households (SFH) includes increased poverty, and loss of livelihoods. Provision of livestock to SFH is a helpful intervention to mitigate this impact. This study provided a total of 150 smallholder poultry farmers, randomly selected from three states (Kebbi, Nasarawa, and Imo) in Nigeria, with ten 5-week-old chickens (mixed sexes) each, of either FUNAAB Alpha or Noiler chicken genetics. The improved, dual-purpose chickens were evaluated for growth performance (GP), survivability and profitability. The birds were managed under semi-scavenging production system. Body weight, mortality, and cost of production (COP) were recorded every 4 weeks until 21 weeks of age. Profitability was a function of the COP, and the selling price for live-birds (cocks). Body weight of Noiler (1,927 g) birds was not significantly (p > .05) higher than FUNAAB Alpha (1,792 g) at 21 weeks. Agroecology and genetics had significant (p < .05) effects on GP and survivability. Survivability of FUNAAB Alpha was higher (p < .05) than Noiler, with Nasarawa (81%–96%), having the highest (p < .0001) survival rate compared to Imo (62%–81%), and Kebbi (58%–75%). At 21 weeks, the number of cocks and hens differed significantly (p < .05) within the states (Imo: 2.4 ± .2 and 5.4 ± .3; Kebbi: 2.6 ± .2 and 5.5 ± .3; and Nasarawa: 2.9 ± .2 and 5.8 ± .3). Nasarawa (NGN 7,808; USD 19) ranked best for profitability, followed by Kebbi (NGN 6,545; USD 16) and Imo (NGN 5,875; USD 14). Overall, this study demonstrates that provision of improved chickens to vulnerable SFH in Nigeria holds great potential for economic growth, and resilience during emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth performance, survivability and profitability of improved smallholder chicken genetics in Nigeria: A COVID-19 intervention study

Bamidele¹,

Akinsola

Yakubu

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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“…However, the present report on average chicken flock size is by far higher than the flock size of 16.2 reported by Mwalusanya et al [21], but it is within the range of 21.79-35.69 reported by Alemayehu et al [14] for local chickens in different zones of Tanzania. According to Wilson [22], chicken flock size in Southern highlands households is largely dependent on the production system and purpose of raising the chicken where those kept in an intensive system for commercial purposes are kept in large numbers compared to those raised extensively for subsistence have small flock sizes of about 19 and 23 chickens in urban and rural, respectively. Based on the classification given by that study most of the farmers in the present study fall under the small-scale semi-intensive system in which there is an average flock size of around 30 and feeding is partly scavenging outdoors and partly supplementation with own-made feed rations.…”

Section: B Flock Size and Flock Structure Of Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Systems and Productivity of Indigenous Chickens in Busokelo District, Mbeya Region, Tanzania

Ngogo¹,

Guni

Nguluma

2023

EJFOOD

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A study was conducted in Busokelo district, Mbeya region to assess the management systems and productivity of indigenous chickens under village management conditions. A total of 90 respondents from three purposively selected wards were involved in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and data collected included household characteristics and those related to chicken management practices including selection, housing, feeding, culling practices, marketing of chickens, diseases, and health care practices. Other information collected was the productive and reproductive traits of chickens. Data was entered into excel and analysis was carried out using SAS software [1]. The average chicken flock size was 29.88 with the flock dominated by chicks and few cocks. The majority of farmers were raising the chicken in scavenging (55.6%) and semi-intensive (40%) systems. More than half of the respondents reported practicing supplementation, providing drinking water, housing, and treating birds when they are sick. The average age at sexual maturity for male and female chickens was 6.93 and 7.24 months respectively. Clutch size per hen, hatchability, survivability, and annual egg production per hen per year was 14.4 eggs, 83.71%, 55.64%, and 46.6 eggs respectively. Indigenous chicken production in Busokelo district is largely practiced in small-scale semi-intensive and free-range systems with a reasonably good rate of adoption of good management practices such as supplementation, provision of housing, drinking water, and healthcare. The productive and reproductive performance of the chicken is within the range reported for most other indigenous chickens in Africa. However, chick mortality was observed to be very high due to diseases and predation. Improvement in management of chickens, especially young chicks is recommended to increase flock size and reduce loss due to high mortality.

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“…Given the increasing demand for poultry products in Tanzania, the intensive poultry industry is experiencing steady growth. 41 , 42 Farmers rely on prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobials to maintain flock health and increase productivity in the absence of adequate and effective biosecurity and vaccination practices. 43 , 44 The most frequently used antimicrobials are sulphonamides and tetracyclines, with the consequent risk of AMR.…”

Section: Context Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using implementation research: a development funder’s approach

Khurana

Essack

Zoubiane³

et al. 2023

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance

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Despite the escalating burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the global response has not sufficiently matched the scale and scope of the issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While many countries have adopted national action plans to combat AMR, their implementation has lagged due to resource constraints, dysfunctional multisectoral coordination mechanisms and, importantly, an under-recognized lack of technical capacity to adapt evidence-based AMR mitigation interventions to local contexts. AMR interventions should be tailored, context-specific, cost-effective and sustainable. The implementation and subsequent scale-up of these interventions require multidisciplinary intervention-implementation research (IIR). IIR involves both quantitative and qualitative approaches, occurs across a three-phase continuum (proof of concept, proof of implementation and informing scale-up), and across four context domains (inner setting, outer setting, stakeholders and the implementation process). We describe the theoretical underpinnings of implementation research (IR), its various components, and how to construct different IR strategies to facilitate sustainable uptake of AMR interventions. Additionally, we provide real-world examples of AMR strategies and interventions to demonstrate these principles in practice. IR provides a practical framework to implement evidence-based and sustainable AMR mitigation interventions.

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The diversity of smallholder chicken farming in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania reveals a range of underlying production constraints

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Growth performance, survivability and profitability of improved smallholder chicken genetics in Nigeria: A COVID-19 intervention study

Growth performance, survivability and profitability of improved smallholder chicken genetics in Nigeria: A COVID-19 intervention study

Management Systems and Productivity of Indigenous Chickens in Busokelo District, Mbeya Region, Tanzania

Mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using implementation research: a development funder’s approach

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