The Diversity of Lichenised Fungi: Ecosystem Functions and Ecosystem Services

Zedda, Luciana; Rambold, Gerhard

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2235-4_7

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…The intimate trait of a majority of lichen symbioses is the production of secondary metabolites with numerous biological roles, such as photoprotection, metal homeostasis, and pollution tolerance of lichen thalli (Molnár and Farkas 2010;Zedda and Rambold 2015). They also have allelochemical, antiviral, antibacterial, antiherbivoral, anti-oxidant, and antitumor properties.…”

Section: Fungal Associations With Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the nature of the relationships in lichens is still the subject of debate, it is widely accepted that it ranges from mutualism to controlled parasitism and changes dynamically over time (e.g., Ahmadjian and Jacobs 1981;Nash 1996;Richardson 1999). The definition of a lichen is further complicated by the presence of diverse, thallus-associated eukaryotic and prokaryotic entities (Zedda and Rambold 2015), including fungi (parasites, saprotrophs, and parasymbionts; Hawksworth 1982Hawksworth , 2015Lawrey and Diederich 2003;Selbmann et al 2013), non-symbiotic algae (diatoms; Lakatos et al 2004), terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates (arthropods, nematodes, Alveolata, Metazoa, Rhizaria; Bates et al 2012), protists (Šatkauskienė 2012), as well as bacterial communities (Bates et al 2011;Aschenbrenner et al 2016). Providing favorable conditions for other organisms, the lichen thallus appears to constitute an ecological niche (Hawksworth 1982) or even a miniature, intricate ecosystem (Aschenbrenner et al 2016), as already postulated in the 1970s (Farrar 1976).…”

Section: Fungal Associations With Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its complexity is further increased by the high variety of genotypes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes coexisting within a single species or even a single thallus. Although this phenomenon is known for myco-and photobionts, the level of genetic diversity is still largely unexplored, except for cyanobacteria (Zedda and Rambold 2015, and literature cited therein).…”

Section: Fungal Associations With Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The plasticity of fungal interactions

Wrzosek

Ruszkiewicz‐Michalska

Sikora

et al. 2016

Mycol Progress

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Their hyphal structure, the common events of hybridization and horizontal gene transfer, as well as intimate associations with prokaryotes (including endobiotic bacteria) and cooperation with eukaryotes have made fungi very flexible at the genetic, physiological, and ecological levels. It is manifested with the fungal ability to perfectly exploit existing nutrient sources and plastically fit into a changing environment. Although the links between fungi and other ecosystem components are rarely clearly visible and unambiguous, fungi can be ecosystem buffers playing a homeostatic role throughout global ecosystems, reacting to changes in various ways, not only by modifications of gene expression but also by nuclear status and Bextended phenotype^. The goal of this review is to underline some ecological interactions involving fungi and other organisms and to indicate high fungal plasticity in terms of ontogenetic perspective.

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Section: Fungal Associations With Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Associations With Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Associations With Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The plasticity of fungal interactions

Wrzosek

Ruszkiewicz‐Michalska

Sikora

et al. 2016

Mycol Progress

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“…The number of lichen species worldwide is estimated to be about 25,000-28,000 taxa, but there are less than 15,000 described species (Zedda and Rambold 2015;Scheidegger 2016). Our literature survey shows that more than 5% of these species have been reported on rocks and soils of ultramafic areas, which represent less than 1% of the land surface of Earth (Brooks 1987).…”

Section: Lichen Diversity In Ultramafic Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and functional traits of lichens in ultramafic areas: a literature‐based worldwide analysis integrated by field data at the regional scale

Favero‐Longo

Matteucci

Giordani

et al. 2018

Ecological Research

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While higher plant communities found on ultramafics are known to display peculiar characteristics, the distinguishability of any peculiarity in lichen communities is still a matter of contention. Other biotic or abiotic factors, rather than substrate chemistry, may contribute to differences in species composition reported for lichens on adjacent ultramafic and non‐ultramafic areas. This work examines the lichen biota of ultramafics, at global and regional scales, with reference to species‐specific functional traits. An updated world list of lichens on ultramafic substrates was analyzed to verify potential relationships between diversity and functional traits of lichens in different Köppen–Geiger climate zones. Moreover, a survey of diversity and functional traits in saxicolous communities on ultramafic and non‐ultramafic substrates was conducted in Valle d'Aosta (North‐West Italy) to verify whether a relationship can be detected between substrate and functional traits that cannot be explained by other environmental factors related to altitude. Analyses (unweighted pair group mean average clustering, canonical correspondence analysis, similarity‐difference‐replacement simplex approach) of global lichen diversity on ultramafic substrates (2314 reports of 881 taxa from 43 areas) displayed a zonal species distribution in different climate zones rather than an azonal distribution driven by the shared substrate. Accordingly, variations in the frequency of functional attributes reflected reported adaptations to the climate conditions of the different geographic areas. At the regional scale, higher similarity and lower species replacement were detected at each altitude, independent from the substrate, suggesting that altitude‐related climate factors prevail over putative substrate–factors in driving community assemblages. In conclusion, data do not reveal peculiarities in lichen diversity or the frequency of functional traits in ultramafic areas.

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“…Favero-Longo et al, 2012). These organisms contribute considerably to the biodiversity of high elevation alpine environments (Nascimbene et al, 2012), underpinning relevant ecological functions and ecosystem services (Elbert et al, 2012;Zedda & Rambold, 2015). Lichens are a complex symbiotic system based on the interaction between a fungus (mycobiont) and a photosynthetic partner (photobiont), also hosting hyperdiverse microbial communities (Grube et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly patterns of soil‐dwelling lichens after glacier retreat in the European Alps

Nascimbene

Mayrhofer

Dainese

et al. 2017

Journal of Biogeography

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AimTo assess the spatial‐temporal dynamics of primary succession following deglaciation in soil‐dwelling lichen communities.LocationEuropean Alps (Austria, Switzerland and Italy).MethodsFive glacier forelands subjected to relevant glacier retreat during the last century were investigated. In each glacier foreland, three successional stages were selected at increasing distance from the glacier, corresponding to a gradient of time since deglaciation between 25 and 160 years. In each successional stage, soil‐dwelling lichens were surveyed within five 1 × 1 m plots. In addition to a classical ecological framework, based on species richness and composition, we applied a functional approach to better elucidate community assembly mechanisms.ResultsA positive relationship was found between species richness and time since deglaciation indicating that richer lichen communities can be found at increasing terrain ageing. This pattern was associated with compositional shifts, suggesting that different community assemblages can be found along the successional stages. The analysis of β‐diversity revealed a significant nested pattern of species assemblages along the gradient (i.e. earlier successional stages hosted a subset of the species already established in older successional stages), while the turnover component was less relevant. Considering functional groups, we found contrasting patterns in relation to time since deglaciation: the incidence of species with a cyanobacterial photobiont and those reproducing by spores decreased, while that of species reproducing by vegetative propagules increased.Main conclusionsThis study reveals that community assembly patterns of soil‐dwelling lichens in alpine glacier forelands are ruled by mechanisms of directional species accumulation and trait selection that involve a trade‐off between different functional strategies. Functional traits that reflect the dispersal and adaptation capability of the species underpin the colonization success of soil‐dwelling lichens in glacier forelands.

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The Diversity of Lichenised Fungi: Ecosystem Functions and Ecosystem Services

Cited by 30 publications

References 98 publications

The plasticity of fungal interactions

The plasticity of fungal interactions

Diversity and functional traits of lichens in ultramafic areas: a literature‐based worldwide analysis integrated by field data at the regional scale

Assembly patterns of soil‐dwelling lichens after glacier retreat in the European Alps

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