The diversity of fatty acid composition in traditional and rare oil crops cultivated in Russia

Abstract

This review is devoted to the description of chemical peculiarities of industrial oil crops cultivated (or prospective for cultivation) in Russia, which are stored in the VIR collection. Different crops have similar fatty acids biosynthesis pathways, but each species has its own individualities in the chemical composition of the oil and its genetic control. The diversity of oil crop chemical composition opens the possibility of its multipurpose utilization practically in all industrial segments. Sunflower, rapeseed, flax, mustard, camelina and safflower are cultivated in Russia as oil crops. Castor beans, perilla, lallemantia and noog are not cultivated on an industrial scale, but have original oil properties and are prospective for future cultivation. Hemp and poppy seeds contain oil valuable for food, but they are not widespread. Cotton and peanut oils are prospective for industrial purposes when early, already created varieties of these crops will be cultivated in Russia. Oil properties depend on the ratio of its basic fatty acids: saturated (stearic, palmitic) and unsaturated (oleic, linoleic, linolenic). As a rule, lauric, myristic and palmitoleic acids are determined in minor quantities. The oil of Brassicaceae crops also includes arachidic, eicosenoic, eicosadienoic, behenic, erucic and lignoceric acids. Fatty acids accumulation is influenced by growing conditions, though it has strict genetic control.

Fatty Acid Composition of Cannabis sativa, Linum usitatissimum and Camelina sativa Seeds Harvested in Lithuania for Food Use

“…Research evidence [24] about anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, anti-arthritic, and other clinical effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and resumption of the opportunity to continue the cultivation of industrial hemp highly increased the interest in Cannabis sativa and its products. These ancient widely distributed species of oil crops being cultivated in different countries have been studied, and the results regarding their nutritional qualities have been published [14,16,[25][26][27][28][29][30]. The obtained differences in the fatty acid composition were explained by the differences between cultivars, as well as differences in genetic diversity, geographical area, soil quality, and climatic conditions [26,31].…”

Stability and Variability of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Economically Valuable Traits in Various Eco-Geographical Conditions of the Russian Federation

“…The total oil content in seeds is more than 40%, protein is about 30% [20,21]. The value of camelina oil lies in the high content of unsaturated fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, low content of erucic acid [22,23]. The amount of unsaturated acids reaches 87% and polyunsaturated acids 55% [24].…”

Optimization and validation of a simplified methodology for simultaneous extraction of fatty acids and tocopherol homologues in peanuts

“…Peanuts contain around 50 % wt. of fats, with more than 70 % of the FA being unsaturated, mainly oleic acid (42-52 %) and linoleic acid (32-37 %) (Aljuhaimi & Musa Özcan, 2018;Gavrilova et al, 2020;X. J. Liu et al, 2011;Yoshida, Hirakawa, Tomiyama, Nagamizu, & Mizushina, 2005).…”