The diversity of endophytic fungi in the above-ground tissue of two Lycopodium species in Poland

Pawłowska, Julia; Śliwińska-Wyrzychowska, Anna; Mętrak, Monika; Wrzosek, Marta

doi:10.1007/s13199-014-0291-1

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Several studies have shown the detection and isolation of pathogenic fungi in endophytic communities of diverse host plants ( Sun et al, 2012 ; Wearn et al, 2012 ). This confirm the observation of Pawłowska et al (2014) which suggested that endophytism is a period in the life cycle of pathogenic microorganisms ( Schulz and Boyle, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fungal Root Microbiome from Healthy and Brittle Leaf Diseased Date Palm Trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Reveals a Hidden Untapped Arsenal of Antibacterial and Broad Spectrum Antifungal Secondary Metabolites

et al. 2017

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In this study, we aimed to explore and compare the composition, metabolic diversity and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi colonizing internal tissues of healthy and brittle leaf diseased (BLD) date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) widely cultivated in arid zones of Tunisia. A total of 52 endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy and BLD roots of date palm trees, identified based on internal transcribed spacer-rDNA sequence analysis and shown to represent 13 species belonging to five genera. About 36.8% of isolates were shared between healthy and diseased root fungal microbiomes, whereas 18.4 and 44.7% of isolates were specific to healthy and BLD root fungal microbiomes, respectively. All isolates were able to produce at least two of the screened enzymes including amylase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinase, protease, laccase and lipase. A preliminary screening of the isolates using disk diffusion method for antibacterial activity against four Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria and antifungal activities against three phytopathogenic fungi indicated that healthy and BLD root fungal microbiomes displayed interesting bioactivities against examined bacteria and broad spectrum bioactivity against fungal pathogens. Some of these endophytic fungi (17 isolates) were fermented and their extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial potential against bacterial and fungal isolates. Results revealed that fungal extracts exhibited antibacterial activities and were responsible for approximately half of antifungal activities against living fungi. These results suggest a strong link between fungal bioactivities and their secondary metabolite arsenal. EtOAc extracts of Geotrichum candidum and Thielaviopsis punctulata originating from BLD microbiome gave best results against Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 0.78 mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (6.25 mg/mL). G. candidum gave the best result against Rhizoctonia solani with MIC 0.78 mg/mL and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC, 6.25 mg/mL). In conclusion, using plant microbiomes subjected to biotic stresses offers new endophytes with different bioactivities than those of healthy plants. Therefore, date palm endophytic fungi represent a hidden untapped arsenal of antibacterial and broad spectrum antifungal secondary metabolites and could be considered promising source of bioactive compounds with industrial and pharmaceutical applications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fungal Root Microbiome from Healthy and Brittle Leaf Diseased Date Palm Trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Reveals a Hidden Untapped Arsenal of Antibacterial and Broad Spectrum Antifungal Secondary Metabolites

et al. 2017

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“…We therefore agree with Pawłowska et al. (), who suggested that the roles of endophytic fungi and bacteria in interactions are still unknown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Colonization of Fungi and Bacteria in Stumps and Roots of Scots Pine after Thinning and Treatment with Rotstop

Kubiak

Damszel

Sikora

et al. 2016

Journal of Phytopathology

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The research areas were located in the Pisz Forest District, northeast Poland, in 10-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations, established in 2004 on a clear-cut area. Reforestation was performed without a biological treatment against root pathogens, despite the presence of Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria ostoyae in roots and stumps of trees growing previously. The aim of this research was to evaluate how thinning and treatment with the biological control agent Rotstop influences bacterial and fungal communities within roots and stumps. Twelve months after thinning, samples were collected from five stumps in each of two seasons, autumn and spring, from stands on two types of site, one previously forested and one agricultural (20 stumps in total). Wood samples were cultured on agar media, and (i) fungi in the upper part of the stump and (ii) in roots and (iii) bacteria in roots were genetically identified. Sequences were genetically identified by comparing sequences with records held in the GenBank database. We found great differences in the frequency of both fungi and bacteria in roots: they were more frequent (i) in healthy stumps compared to stumps infected with pathogens (H. annosum and A. ostoyae), (ii) in postagricultural soil than in forest soil and (iii) after spring rather than autumn biological treatment. The introduced species Phlebiopsis gigantea was only identified in the parts of the stumps which were above ground level. The bacterium Paenibacillus pini was associated with the presence of H. annosum infecting the stumps from the roots side. In areas seriously threatened by root pathogens, biological treatment can play only a limited role. It can spread to the upper part and impede the production of fruitbodies; however, it has no impact on the development of pathogens in deeper root areas.

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“…[45], Lycopodium annotinum L., and Lycopodium clavatum L. [46], blackcurrant berries of Lithuania [28], and Jingbai pear of China [30]. The majority of the class were found to be endophytes, saprobes growing on woody debris, decaying leaves or dung, as well as several plant pathogens [20,46,47]. Sordariomycetes were most abundant in flowers, and have the greatest impact on the mycobiota structure of flowers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organs, Cultivars, Soil, and Fruit Properties Affect Structure of Endophytic Mycobiota of Pinggu Peach Trees

2019

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Pinggu peach (Prunus persica (L.)) has great economic and ecological value in north China. As a plant, the peach is naturally colonized by a variety of endophytic fungi, which are very important for tree growth and health. However, the mycobiota composition and their affecting factors of the peach trees are still unknown. In our study, the fungal communities in flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of the three cultivars (Dajiubao, Qingfeng, and Jingyan) of Pinggu peach trees and in the rhizosphere soils were investigated by both Illumina Miseq sequencing of ITS rDNA and traditional culturing methods. For organs, except for roots, flowers had the highest fungal richness and diversity, while the leaves had the lowest richness and diversity. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant phyla among samples. The fungal assemblage composition of each organ was distinctive. Fungal communities of the three cultivars also differed from each other. The fungal community structure significantly correlated with soil pH, soil K, fruit soluble solid content, and fruit titratable acidity with the redundancy analysis (RDA). Most isolated fungal strains can be found within high-throughput sequencing identified taxa. This study indicates that plant organs, the cultivars, the soil, and fruit properties may have profound effects on the endophytic fungal community structure associated with Pinggu peach trees. With this study, microbiota-mediated pathogen protection and fruit quality promotion associated with peach trees could be further studied.

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The diversity of endophytic fungi in the above-ground tissue of two Lycopodium species in Poland

Cited by 25 publications

References 67 publications

Fungal Root Microbiome from Healthy and Brittle Leaf Diseased Date Palm Trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Reveals a Hidden Untapped Arsenal of Antibacterial and Broad Spectrum Antifungal Secondary Metabolites

Fungal Root Microbiome from Healthy and Brittle Leaf Diseased Date Palm Trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Reveals a Hidden Untapped Arsenal of Antibacterial and Broad Spectrum Antifungal Secondary Metabolites

Colonization of Fungi and Bacteria in Stumps and Roots of Scots Pine after Thinning and Treatment with Rotstop

Organs, Cultivars, Soil, and Fruit Properties Affect Structure of Endophytic Mycobiota of Pinggu Peach Trees

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