The diversity of deep-water sinuous channel belts and slope valley-fill complexes

Janocko, Michal; Nemec, Wojciech; Henriksen, S. D.; Warchoł, Michał J.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.06.012

Cited by 164 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The horizontal and vertical stacking of sandstone beds strongly suggests lateral migration of sandy channel belts in a deep-marine environment (e.g., Beaboef, 2004, Mayall et al, 2006Wynn et al, 2007). The outcrops do not allow for plan view of the sandstone geometries, but the associations have a strong resemblance to sinuous channel systems (e.g., Janocko et al, 2013;Li et al, 2016) (Fig. 4D).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the stratigraphic and the lithological thinning of sandstone beds seen in these facies are features characteristic of levees bounding deep-water channel systems (e.g., Janocko et al, 2013). Whilst the coarser-grained part of the turbidity current is kept within the channel, sand and clay particles will spill over channel margins as very thin beds or laminae and thin out both laterally and texturally away from the channel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lateral migration of sandstone facies within and among inferred channel geometries suggests some degree of sinuosity of the channel systems. Sinuous and laterally accreting channels tend to form as a result of sediment accumulation at inner and outer channel bends, unlike fluvial systems that consistently erode at outer bends and deposit sediments on inner channel bends (Posamentier & Kolla, 2003;Kane et al, 2008;Janocko et al, 2013). The variable degree of deposition and bypass in submarine systems allows for more stable channel geometries than in the fluvial counterpart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The active channel will be dominated by conglomerates, while sandy material will be deposited along channel margins both as clean sandstone beds and, as a result of channel 'overflow' , also as matrix between the clast material. Flow velocities will vary within a sinuous channel system, and flow separation will result in the development of lateral accretion surfaces and bar forms at channel bends (e.g., Posamentier & Kolla, 2003;Mayall et al, 2006;Janocko et al, 2013). Flows may erode the matrix-rich deposits in fast-flowing parts of the channel and deposit its material where the flow slows down at the next channel bend.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased focus on deep-marine deposits and processes was largely driven by the oil industry and the identification of these deposits as exploration targets. Our understanding of deep-water depositional systems has since advanced significantly mainly due to the advent of high-quality 3D seismic data from continental margins worldwide (Posamentier & Kolla, 2003;Mayall et al, 2006;Janocko et al, 2013;Gong et al, 2015).…”

Section: Earlier Research On Turbidite Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments

Henriksen¹,

Roberts²,

Pedersen³

2018

NJG

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The Ordovician metasedimentary rocks in the Caledonian nappes in Mid Norway were deposited in a back-arc setting, following ophiolite obduction, uplift and erosion, related to continental uplift and changing directions of subduction during this period. Deep-water conditions were established in the basin and this accommodated a thick succession of variously coarse-grained, conglomeratic and argillaceous sediments. The conglomerates typically display the well-rounded clast material of variable igneous, volcanic, sedimentary and carbonate origin and alternate between being clast-supported and matrix-supported with interbedded sandstone beds. The rounded clasts suggest significant reworking and long-term storage of sediments in the source area before transport into the deeper part of the basin. The basal surface of conglomerates always shows an erosive contact with underlying shales or coarsening-upward sandstone successions. The basal surfaces probably represent sedimentary fairways, where several conglomerate units separated by erosional contacts are stacked on top of each other. The conglomerate successions likely result from episodic release of large quantities of sediments. Between each burst of release, sediments accumulated in alluvial fans, fan deltas and fluvial delta systems along the basin shoreline and carbonate reefs established on the outer shelf. Laterally accreting channel sandstone beds were probably important in setting up sedimentary fairways for the succeeding conglomerates. In the inferred deepest part of the basin, smaller channellised features and thin-bedded turbidites seem to dominate. Channel features and hummocky cross-stratification in shelf to upper slope sandstone beds are alternatively interpreted to result from unidirectional flows and constitute an integral part of the turbidite system. By including all the observed facies within the turbidite system we invoke a depositional model which does not require a eustacy-driven sequence-stratigraphic model for explanation. We rather suggest a tectonic model involving an elevated source area, either volcanic or continental, where erosional products are stored and reworked in the alluvial accommodation zone. These sediments are built up to a threshold level and flushed to the sea by a sudden availability of large amounts of water. The actual cause of this sudden availability of water remains uncertain, but the consequent mixture of water and sediments resulted in a super-concentrated high-energy density current. Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments IntroductionThe Caledonides of central Norway are especially well known for their fragmented ophiolite assemblages and, in some areas, the overlying, richly fossiliferous, Ordovician to inferred Early Silurian, low-grade metasedimentary rocks (Bergström, 1979(Bergström, , 1997Bruton & Bockelie, 1980;Ryan et al., 1980;Neuman & Bruton, 1989;Neuman et al., 1997). The...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Earlier Research On Turbidite Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments

Henriksen¹,

Roberts²,

Pedersen³

2018

NJG

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A simple model for vertical profiles of velocity and suspended sediment concentration in straight and curved submarine channels

Pittaluga

Imran

2014

J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.

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We develop a simple model to describe vertical profiles of velocity and suspended sediment concentration in submarine channels. We consider a conservative turbidity current flowing in a confined channel under steady and uniform flow conditions. The turbulence closure for density stratification is adapted from the model of Mellor and Yamada (1982). Solutions are obtained for both straight and constant curvature channels. In the latter case, in order to evaluate the secondary flow induced by curvature, we take advantage of the fact that the ratio of flow depth to radius of curvature is typically small in the field, which leads to a solution of the governing equations through an appropriate asymptotic expansion.Comparison of results on longitudinal velocity profiles in straight channels with experimental and field observations shows an excellent agreement and allows for the prediction of concentration profiles and suspended sediment size from known bed slope, current thickness, and normalized velocity at the turbidity current-ambient water interface. The model is able to capture the presence of multiple circulation cells on the vertical and the sense of rotation of the near-bottom secondary flow that can be either reversed (directed outward) or normal oriented (directed inward) with respect to the classical fluvial orientation. The parameters controlling the orientation of secondary flow in submarine channels are identified, and the implications on the bed morphology are discussed. The potential use and future developments of the present approach are also discussed.

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Entangled external and internal controls on submarine fan evolution: an experimental perspective

Ferguson

Kane

Eggenhuisen

et al. 2020

The Depositional Record

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Submarine fans are formed by sediment‐laden flows shed from continental margins into ocean basins. Their morphology represents the interplay of external controls such as tectonics, climate and sea level with internal processes including channel migration and lobe compensation. However, the nature of this interaction is poorly understood. Physical modelling was used to represent the evolution of a natural‐scale submarine fan deposited during an externally forced waxing‐to‐waning sediment supply cycle. This was achieved by running five successive experimental turbidity currents with incrementally increasing then decreasing sediment supply rates. Deposits built upon the deposits of earlier flows and the distribution of erosion and deposition after each flow was recorded using digital elevation models. Initially, increasing sediment supply rate (waxing phase) led to widening and deepening of the slope channel, with basin‐floor deposits compensationally stepping forwards into the basin, favouring topographic lows. When sediment supply rate was decreased (waning phase), the slope‐channel filled as the bulk of the deposit abruptly back‐stepped due to interaction with depositional topography. Therefore, despite flows in the waxing and waning phases of sediment supply having nominally identical input conditions (i.e. sediment concentration, supply rate, grain size, etc.), depositional relief led to development of markedly different deposits. This demonstrates how external controls can be preserved in the depositional record through the progradation of basin floor deposits but that internal processes such as compensational stacking progressively obscure this signal through time. This evolution serves as an additional potential mechanism to explain commonly observed coarsening and thickening‐upwards lobe deposits, with abrupt transition to thin fine‐grained deposits. Meanwhile within the slope channel, external forcing was more readily detectable through time, with less internally driven reorganization. This validates many existing conceptual models and outcrop observations that channels are more influenced by external forcing whilst internal processes dominate basin floor lobe deposits in submarine fans.

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The diversity of deep-water sinuous channel belts and slope valley-fill complexes

Cited by 164 publications

References 59 publications

Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments

Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments

A simple model for vertical profiles of velocity and suspended sediment concentration in straight and curved submarine channels

Entangled external and internal controls on submarine fan evolution: an experimental perspective

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