“…This increasing interest is due to the (re)discovery of cul ture (beliefs, values, traditions, customs, etc. ) as a fundamental element in the explanation of the functioning and evolution of formal institutions (Roland, 2004;North, 2005;Caballero and Soto-Oñate, 2015) and economic performance through time (North, 1990; 48 david soto-oñate Nanetti, 1993, Knack andKeefer, 1997;Guiso, Sapienza andZingales, 2006, 2011;Fernández, 2008Fernández, , 2011.…”