The Diversification of the Genus Nesotes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the Canary Islands: Evidence from mtDNA

Rees, D.; Emerson, Brent C.; Oromı́, Pedro; Hewitt, Godfrey M.

doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1006

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Finally, our phylogenetic analyses indicate that the Canarian endemic B. alternans is a derived species within the alternans species group. As in other groups of organisms (Juan et al ., ; Rees et al ., ; Salvo et al ., ), the common ancestor dispersed from the Moroccan Atlantic coast to the archipelago (Fig. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Diversification patterns and processes of wingless endemic insects in the Mediterranean Basin: historical biogeography of the genus Blaps (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Condamine

Soldati

Clamens

et al. 2013

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The Mediterranean Basin (MB) is a species‐rich biogeographical region with many endemic taxa. We analysed the historical patterns of temporal and geographical diversification of Mediterranean Blaps (Tenebrionidae), a diverse group of flightless beetles, estimated their date of origin and colonization of the MB, and tracked temporal changes in diversification rates. Location Mediterranean Basin. Methods We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Mediterranean Blaps using four mitochondrial genes and 47 morphological characters. Divergence‐time estimates were investigated with a Bayesian relaxed clock approach that was calibrated with both fossil and geological constraints. Biogeographical analyses were performed using the dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis likelihood model associated with a stratified palaeogeographical scenario. Diversification rate analyses allowed the investigation of diversity dynamics through time as well as rate shifts during major Cenozoic climate events. Results The Bayesian relaxed clock analysis suggests that Blaps first appeared in the MB about 28 Ma. The most likely scenario is that Mediterranean Blaps originated in the Arabian and north‐east African regions and then dispersed progressively westwards and northwards, using temporary land bridges to colonize the northern shores of the MB. Island endemics are more likely to be the products of recent dispersals than of old vicariance events. Birth–death analyses suggest that diversification rates in the Miocene and Pliocene are consistent with a ‘museum model’, in which most of the extant diversity is best explained by a steady accumulation of lineages under constant diversification rates. Although major Cenozoic climatic events do not seem to have influenced the diversification of Mediterranean Blaps, a decrease in diversification rates was detected during the Pleistocene. Main conclusions Our results suggest that Mediterranean Blaps lineages diversified between the Oligocene and the Pliocene, with current distribution patterns mostly accounted for by early vicariance and late dispersal events. Diversification rates were relatively constant through time, but decreased during Pleistocene glaciation cycles. This scenario may be applicable to other Mediterranean terrestrial animal taxa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Diversification patterns and processes of wingless endemic insects in the Mediterranean Basin: historical biogeography of the genus Blaps (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Condamine

Soldati

Clamens

et al. 2013

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Other potentially competing Entiminae are a few Sitona species that feed on leguminosae ( Adenocarpus , Chamaecytisus , Cytisus ) or Bituminaria (some are possibly introduced) and the large and endemic Herpisticus weevils (five species) present in semiarid habitats in all islands. More prone to sharing part of the feeding niche of Laparocerus are the darkling-beetle Nesotes (19 species and two subspecies), that climb the vegetation at night to feed, and have radiated similarly to Laparocerus , but with less success (Rees et al 2001c). However, in these putative competitors the number of individuals per plant is far from being as high as it can be in Laparocerus (Machado and Aguiar 2005).…”

Section: Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Laparocerus, with comments on colonisation and diversification in Macaronesia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)

Machado¹,

Rodriguez-Exposito²,

López³

et al. 2017

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The flightless Entiminae weevil genus Laparocerus is the species-richest genus, with 237 species and subspecies, inhabiting Macaronesia (Madeira archipelago, Selvagens, Canary Islands) and the continental ‘Macaronesian enclave’ in Morocco (one single polytypic species). This is the second contribution to gain insight of the genus and assist in its systematic revision with a mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis. It centres on the Canarian clade, adding the 12S rRNA gene to the combined set of COII and 16S rRNA used in our first contribution on the Madeiran clade (here re-analysed). The nuclear 28S rRNA was also used to produce an additional 4-gene tree to check coherency with the 3-gene tree.A total of 225 taxa (95%) has been sequenced, mostly one individual per taxa. Plausible explanations for incoherent data (mitochondrial introgressions, admixture, incomplete lineage sorting, etc.) are discussed for each of the monophyletic subclades that are coincident with established subgenera, or are restructured or newly described. The overall mean genetic divergence (p-distance) among species is 8.2%; the mean divergence within groups (subgenera) ranks from 2.9 to 7.0% (average 4.6%), and between groups, from 5.4% to 12.0% (average 9.2%). A trustful radiation event within a young island (1.72 Ma) was used to calibrate and produce a chronogram using the software RelTime.These results confirm the monophyly of both the Madeiran (36 species and subspecies) and the Canarian (196 species and subspecies) clades, which originated ca. 11.2 Ma ago, and started to radiate in their respective archipelagos ca. 8.5 and 7.7 Ma ago. The Madeiran clade seems to have begun in Porto Santo, and from there it jumped to the Desertas and to Madeira, with additional radiations. The Canarian clade shows a sequential star-shape radiation process generating subclades with a clear shift from East to West in coherence with the decreasing age of the islands. Laparocerus garretai from the Selvagens belongs to a Canarian subclade, and Laparocerus susicus from Morocco does not represent the ancestral continental lineage, but a back-colonisation from the Canaries to Africa. Dispersal processes, colonisation patterns, and ecological remarks are amply discussed. Diversification has been adaptive as well as non-adaptive, and the role of ’geological turbulence’ is highlighted as one of the principal drivers of intra-island allopatric speciation.Based on the phylogenetic results, morphological features and distribution, five new monophyletic subgenera are described: Aridotrox subg. n., Belicarius subg. n., Bencomius subg. n., Canariotrox subg. n., and Purpuranius subg. n., totalling twenty subgenera in Laparocerus.

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“…The flightless genus Hegeter (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) is represented by two species on each of the islands of La Palma and El Hierro, and in both cases these are the result of two colonization events (Juan et al 1996). The flightless genus Nesotes (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) is also represented by two species on each of the islands of La Palma and El Hierro, and in both cases these too are the result of two colonization events for each island (Rees et al 2001). Arnedo et al (2002) included in their molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Dysdera (Aranae, Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands three of the four species on La Palma and two of the three species on El Hierro.…”

Section: Colonization Speciation and Endemism On Young Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular phylogenetic analyses provide a means to discriminate between these two modes, and test the prediction that intra-island speciation plays a greater role in generating species richness for older islands (Whittaker 1998, Heaney 2000. We use our molecular phylogenetic data for the Tarphius and for a number of recently published Canary Island arthropod studies (Juan et al 1995(Juan et al , 1996Emerson et al 2000a;Rees et al 2001;Arnedo et al 2002;Salomone et al 2002;Percy 2003;Ribera et al 2003;Jordal and Hewitt 2004) to compare the relative contributions of each mode on (1) young islands in the early stages of the build up of community assemblages, and (2) older islands with more mature community assemblages. Our null hypothesis is that the relative contribution of each is the same on both younger and older islands.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diversification of the Forest Beetle Genus Tarphius on the Canary Island, and the Evolutionary Origins of Island Endemics

Emerson

Oromı́

2005

Evolution

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Abstract. The flightless beetle genus Tarphius Erichson (Coleoptera: Colydiidae) is a distinctive element of the beetle fauna of the Canary Islands with 29 species distributed across the five western islands. The majority of Tarphius species are rare and intimately associated with the monteverde forest and only two species occur on more than one island. In this study we investigate the phylogeography of the Canary Island Tarphius, and their relationship to Tarphius from the more northerly archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II sequence data. We use geological datings for the Canary Islands, Azores, and Madeira to calibrate specific nodes of the tree for the estimation of divergence times using a penalized likelihood method. Data suggest that the Canary Island species assemblage is of some antiquity, however, much of this species diversity is relatively recent in origin. The phylogenetic relationships of species inhabiting the younger islands of El Hierro and La Palma indicate that colonization events between islands have probably been a significant factor in the evolutionary history of the Canary Island species assemblage. A comparison of molecular phylogenetic studies of arthropods on the Canary Islands suggests that, in the evolution of the arthropod species community of an island, the origin of endemic species is initially the result of colonizing lineages differentiating from their source populations. However, as an island matures a greater proportion of endemic species originate from intra-island speciation.

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The Diversification of the Genus Nesotes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the Canary Islands: Evidence from mtDNA

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Diversification patterns and processes of wingless endemic insects in the Mediterranean Basin: historical biogeography of the genus Blaps (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Diversification patterns and processes of wingless endemic insects in the Mediterranean Basin: historical biogeography of the genus Blaps (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Laparocerus, with comments on colonisation and diversification in Macaronesia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)

Diversification of the Forest Beetle Genus Tarphius on the Canary Island, and the Evolutionary Origins of Island Endemics

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