The divergent region of the<i>Leishmania tarentolae</i>kinetoplast maxicircle DNA contains a diverse set of repetitive sequences

Muhich, Michael L.; Neckelmann, Nicolas; Simpson, Larry

doi:10.1093/nar/13.9.3241

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Supplementary material is available to authorized users in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-006-0145-5 Gü tter et al (1985), Horvath et al (1990) and Tarassoff et al (1986) Trypanosoma brucei EATRO 164 7,398 7,398 Z15118 Myler et al (1993), Simpson et al (1987) and Sloof et al (1992) Trypanosoma brucei Muhich et al (1985) and Simpson et al (1987) Leishmania The maxicircle sequences of Trypanosoma cruzi have been assembled from whole-genome shotgun sequence reads (three alternative assemblies have been obtained for the Esmeraldo strain and one for the CL Brenner strain), and, therefore, the length of the repeat region may have been underestimated; the length of the Trypanosoma cruzi maxicircle is about 40 kb according to previous studies (Affranchino et al 1986), suggesting the DR length about 25 kb b WT, R: wild-type and drug resistant clones of the LV78 strain (Lee et al 1994) c 952p, 952a: the promastigote and amastigote stages of the same strain, several other strains were also investigated d Three other strains were also investigated Mol Gen Genomics (2006) 276:322-333 323 tioning were also started. Promoters for the 12S rRNA gene were roughly localized in the DR of T. brucei (Michelotti et al 1992) and Leptomonas seymouri (Vasil'eva et al 2004).…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conserved repeats in the kinetoplast maxicircle divergent region of Leishmania sp. and Leptomonas seymouri

et al. 2006

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The maxicircle control region [also termed divergent region (DR)] composed of various repeat elements remains the most poorly studied part of the kinetoplast genome. Only three extensive DR sequences demonstrating no significant similarity were available for trypanosomatids (Leishmania tarentolae, Crithidia oncopelti, Trypanosoma brucei). Recently, extensive DR sequences have been obtained for Leishmania major and Trypanosoma cruzi. In this work we have sequenced DR fragments of Leishmania turanica, Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania chagasi and two monogenetic trypanosomatids Leptomonas seymouri and Leptomonas collosoma. With the emergence of the additional extensive sequences some conserved features of DR structure become evident. A conserved palindromic sequence has been revealed in the DRs of the studied Leishmania species, L. seymouri, and T. cruzi. The overall DR structure appears to be similar in all the Leishmania species, their relative L. seymouri, and T. brucei: long relatively GC-rich repeats are interspersed with clusters of short AT-rich repeats. C. oncopelti, L. collosoma, and T. cruzi have a completely different DR structure. Identification of conserved sequences and invariable structural features of the DR may further our understanding of the functioning of this important genome fragment.

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Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In L. seymouri these clusters are composed of longer divergent repeat units (about 40 bp). Six long AT-rich regions have been mapped to the DR of L. tarentolae (Simpson et al 1982); two of them have been sequenced and proved to be composed of AATAATAT repeats (Muhich et al 1985;Simpson et al 1987) (Fig. 2a).…”

Section: Short At-rich Repeatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved repeats in the kinetoplast maxicircle divergent region of Leishmania sp. and Leptomonas seymouri

et al. 2006

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“…Cloned VR fragments from Crithidia oncopelti (12) and L.tarentolae (21) have been shown to exhibit autonomous replicating sequence (ars) activity in yeast, although the significance of these finding is unclear since sequences from elsewhere in the maxicircle also have ars activity (22). The sequence of only -4 kb of the 12 kb L.tarentolae VR (23,24) and -2.5 kb of the 7.5 kb T. brucei VR (15)(16)(17)24) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural organization of the maxicircle variable region ofTrypanosoma brucei: identification of potential replication origins and topoisomerase II binding sites

et al. 1993

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The maxicircle of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei, one component of the mitochondrial genome, has size differences among isolates that localize to the variable region (VR) between the ND5 and 12S rRNA genes. We present here the nucleotide sequence of this entire region, thus completing the sequence of the maxicircle genome. We also find heterogeneously sized transcripts from throughout most of the VR. The VR has three distinct sections, each with characteristic repeated sequences. The repeated sequences in two sections are short and highly reiterated; the intraspecies size variation occurs within this region. The third section contains non-repetitive sequences and a large duplication immediately upstream of the 12S rRNA gene. Two repeat units within section I contain a sequence that has homology to the DNA replication origin of minicircies. This region also contains sequences with homology to topoisomerase 11 binding and cleavage sites. These findings suggest a role for the VR in DNA replication of the maxicircle.

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“…. This region was not analyzed in detail but may represent a homolog of the noncoding divergent region in trypanosomatid maxicircle DNA which also has repeats of various sizes (9,17,18).…”

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RNA editing and mitochondrial genomic organization in the cryptobiid kinetoplastid protozoan Trypanoplasma borreli.

Maslov¹,

Simpson²

1994

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The bodonids and cryptobiids represent an early diverged sister group to the trypanosomatids among the kinetoplastid protozoa. The trypanosome type of uridine insertion-deletion RNA editing was found to occur in the cryptobiid fish parasite Trypanoplasma borreli. A pan-edited ribosomal protein, S12, and a novel 3'-and 5'-edited cytochrome b, in addition to an unedited cytochrome oxidase III gene and an apparently unedited 12S rRNA gene, were found in a 6-kb fragment of the 80-to 90-kb mitochondrial genome. The gene order differs from that in trypanosomatids, as does the organization of putative guide RNA genes; guide RNA-like molecules are transcribed from tandemly repeated 1-kb sequences organized in 200-and 170-kb molecules instead of minicircles. The presence of pan-editing in this lineage is consistent with an ancient evolutionary origin of this process.The evolutionary origin of the uridine (U) insertion-deletion type of RNA editing which occurs in the mitochondrion of the trypanosomatid kinetoplastid protozoa is an intriguing problem. Within the kinetoplastid protozoa there are two suborders, the Trypanosomatina and the Bodonina, as determined by morphological characters and life cycles. The trypanosomatids consist of approximately 8 to 10 obligately parasitic genera in a single family, and the bodonids consist of two major families containing both free-living and parasitic organisms (the Bodonidae and the Cryptobiidae) (30). RNA editing in several trypanosomatids, including the digenetic genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania and the monogenetic genera Crithidia, Blastocrithidia, and Herpetomonas, has been investigated (7,26,28). It has been shown previously that extensive editing or pan-editing, which is mediated by multiple overlapping guide RNAs (gRNAs), represents a primitive character state within the trypanosomatid lineage and that 5' editing and even loss of editing represent derived traits which possibly arose on account of replacement of pan-edited original versions of the genes, with partially or fully edited versions derived from mRNAs (11)(12)(13)(14). Little is known about mitochondrial DNA in the bodonids and cryptobiids, which is also termed kinetoplast DNA since it is present as a large DNAcontaining structure situated within the single mitochondrion (Fig. 1). In the free-living bodonid Bodo caudatus, there is no network of catenated minicircles and maxicircles such as that which exists in the trypanosomatids; instead, a variety of large circular molecules with heterogeneous sizes is found (8). In this paper, we show the occurrence of the uridine insertiondeletion type of RNA editing in the cryptobiid Trypanoplasma borreli, with some novel features, and we show that small gRNA-like transcripts are encoded in tandemly repeated 1-kb

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The divergent region of theLeishmania tarentolaekinetoplast maxicircle DNA contains a diverse set of repetitive sequences

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Conserved repeats in the kinetoplast maxicircle divergent region of Leishmania sp. and Leptomonas seymouri

Conserved repeats in the kinetoplast maxicircle divergent region of Leishmania sp. and Leptomonas seymouri

Structural organization of the maxicircle variable region ofTrypanosoma brucei: identification of potential replication origins and topoisomerase II binding sites

RNA editing and mitochondrial genomic organization in the cryptobiid kinetoplastid protozoan Trypanoplasma borreli.

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