The distribution of vegetation in the United States, as related to climatic conditions

The Ecology of Gambel's Quail in Nevada and the Arid Southwest

“…The vegetation of this entire area (except north-central Idaho) is of similar life-form, and is defined as Great Basin Microphyll Desert by Livingstone and Shreve ( 1921). The habitats occupied in these valleys are similar to one another in that Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Rhus sp., Atriplex canescens or A. confertifolia, and Artemisia tridentata are almost universally present.…”

Forgotten Hardwood Forests of the Coastal Plain

“…Pioneering foresters Gifford Pinchot and W. W. Ashe (1897) asserted that the forest on the North Carolina coastal plain before European contact was mostly longleaf pine and described and mapped a portion of this forest that extended "almost unbroken" to Virginia. An early-twentieth-century map of vegetation in the United States generalized the entire Atlantic coastal plain as southern mesophytic evergreen forest (Livingston and Shreve 1921). Early soil surveys likewise reported longleaf pine as the original vegetation on the most common upland soils (Bureau of Chemistry and Soils 1924, 1928, 1929, 1935.…”

The Family Azotobacteraceae

“…Michigan native Burton Edward Livingston (1875Livingston ( -1948 graduated from the University of Michigan, then at the University of Chicago studied plant physiology under Charles Reid Barnes and plant ecology under Cowles (Krikorian 1973, Kramer 1974, Burgess 1996. He spent 1906 at the Carnegie Desert Laboratory, where he and Shreve found common ground, which led to their The Distribution of Vegetation in the United States as Related to Climatic Conditions (Livingston and Shreve 1921), in which they "argued that no two plant species were quite identical in their habitat requirements, and hence no two plants had identical patterns of distribution" (Nicolson 1990:137). Gleason was not at all discouraged by the scant notice his 1917 paper had received and subsequently published "The individualistic concept of the plant association" (1926), which at least received a halfday session at the Ecology Section of the International Congress of Plant Sciences, in August.…”