The Sooty Owl Tyto tenebricosa. A recent survey by Milledge, Palmer and Melson in Victoria's Central Highlands has established that this large, sedentary barn owl, shown here carrying a bush rat Rattus fuscipes, is strongly associated with extensive areas of old-growth wet sclerophyll forest (see Chapter by Milledge et al. entitled "Barometers of Change"). The Myrtle Beech Nothofagus cunninghamii, shown in the background, is a typical gully tree in the tall wet Mountain Ash forests in the Victorian Central Highlands. Like the Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis, its controversial ecological counterpart in North America, the Sooty Owl is threatened by habitat fragmentation and modification resulting from intensive logging. It has been suggested that the Sooty Owl could serve, like the Spotted Owl, as an indicator of habitat quality for other old-growth dependent vertebrates in the forest management process. The circles on the map represent the sites surveyed, and the solid circles are sites where Sooty Owls were recorded.