The distribution of the economic mineral resource  potential in the Western Cape Province

Ngcofe, Luncedo; Cole, D.I.

doi:10.1590/sajs.2014/a0045

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, clay brick is one of the most popular and preferred construction material in many parts of the world [1][2][3][4][5] due to their high tensile strength, resilience, thermal and sound insulation, fire and weather resistance [6]. The scarcity of wood and construction stones was reported to have brought about the use of clay brick as substituting construction material [4]. Clay bricks basically supply construction component with definite set of thermal and structural properties that could be supplemented with other kinds of construction medium for building a barrier between the interior and external environments [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traditional Brick Making, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts: A Case Study of Vhembe District, South Africa

et al. 2021

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The brick making industry, despite its contribution to environmental pollution, plays a major role in the economic growth of South Africa, with the traditional technology accounting for a significant proportion of the total clay brick production. The aim of this study is to undertake a comprehensive description of the production phases of the traditional brick making sector in Vhembe district and how this contributes to air pollution. The study comprised a series of interviews and questionnaires of key role players from two small villages, Manini and Tshilungoma in the Vhembe district. In-situ observations of the production methods and phases were also undertaken between June and December 2019. The brick making production phases used in Vhembe district are excavation, preparation, moulding, drying and firing. An average estimate of 34,683 bricks is fired monthly per brick kiln in Vhembe district. Emissions from brick making organisations had resulted into several public health and environmental risks. To reduce environmental degradation, the incorporation of industrial and environmental wastes into brick making and the gradual transition to environmentally friendly technology such as Vertical Shaft brick kiln (VSBK) should be embraced. Thus, traditional brick making implemented with appropriate sustainable environmental technology has the potential to improve the socio-economic status of the brick makers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Brick Making, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts: A Case Study of Vhembe District, South Africa

et al. 2021

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“…This industry depends largely on the technology, power, and economic drive from trading base metals and energy fuels such as oil, coal, gas, and uranium, which are mostly sourced from underground [71]. Mining practice started in the mid-1800s with copper, followed by diamonds, which were discovered in 1868, then gold in 1886, of which up until today, remains the most abundant in most African countries [72]. For the extraction of minerals from underground, ammonium nitrate-based (NH 4 NO 3 ) explosives are used to detonate and crush rocks to expose minerals.…”

Section: Nitrate Contamination From Mining Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This practice has been applied globally from the 1900s and continues to this day, resulting in negative environmental effects such as soil, air, and water pollution [71]. In 2005, it was recorded that South Africa had recorded 1113 mines both active an banoned, which produced 55 different valuable minerals that are used locally and exported to most countries in the world [72]. By the end of 2019, it was reported that there were 526 active mines producing 22 minerals in South Africa standing in the top five global leading producers of Pt, Au, coal, and diamonds [73].…”

Section: Nitrate Contamination From Mining Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Water Contamination from Industrial Activities and Complete Denitrification as a Remediation Option

Moloantoa

Khetsha

Heerden

et al. 2022

Water

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Freshwater is a scarce resource that continues to be at high risk of pollution from anthropogenic activities, requiring remediation in such cases for its continuous use. The agricultural and mining industries extensively use water and nitrogen (N)-dependent products, mainly in fertilizers and explosives, respectively, with their excess accumulating in different water bodies. Although removal of NO3 from water and soil through the application of chemical, physical, and biological methods has been studied globally, these methods seldom yield N2 gas as a desired byproduct for nitrogen cycling. These methods predominantly cause secondary contamination with deposits of chemical waste such as slurry brine, nitrite (NO2), ammonia (NH3), and nitrous oxide (N2O), which are also harmful and fastidious to remove. This review focuses on complete denitrification facilitated by bacteria as a remedial option aimed at producing nitrogen gas as a terminal byproduct. Synergistic interaction of different nitrogen metabolisms from different bacteria is highlighted, with detailed attention to the optimization of their enzymatic activities. A biotechnological approach to mitigating industrial NO3 contamination using indigenous bacteria from wastewater is proposed, holding the prospect of optimizing to the point of complete denitrification. The approach was reviewed and found to be durable, sustainable, cost effective, and environmentally friendly, as opposed to current chemical and physical water remediation technologies.

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“…The industry is experiencing growth due to increasing demand for bricks in towns and rural areas driven by economic growth, urbanization, and affluence. The scarcity of wood and construction stones has led to the use of mud and clay bricks as alternative construction materials worldwide (Ngcofe & Cole, 2014). The majority of brick production globally is attributed to an unorganized small-scale industry that employs energyinefficient traditional techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revitalizing Degraded and Abandoned Lands: Reflections from Local Government Involvement in Mud Brick Production - Tanzania

Genda,

Mamkwe

2024

AJERNET

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The study assessed local government involvement in revitalising abandoned holes and degraded lands around brick-making sites in Morogoro Municipality. Specifically, it delineated the effects of mudbrick-making activities on the communities surrounding the brick-making sites, identified alternative uses of the abandoned holes in the brick-making sites, and established the knowledge required by the community and brick-makers for improving abandoned land use for sustainability. Several techniques were utilised in data collection, including interviews and focus group discussions with village and ward leaders, district environmental officers, district community development officers, district planners, mud brick makers, and some members of the community from three specific wards, namely Kauzeni, Mindu, and Kihonda Maghorofani. The findings revealed a significant contribution of the mudbrick-making industry to enhancing income and improving the living standards of communities through employment creation. Particularly, women were involved in selling food to brick makers, while youth actively participated in brick-making activities. The abandoned holes resulting from soil extraction were repurposed for fishing, vegetable cultivation, and sugar cane production. The income accrued from these activities improved housing standards and increased social interaction among people from different regions, including seasonal migrants attracted to brick-making activities. Despite the noted positive effects, mud brick activities contributed significantly to land degradation due to the traditional technologies used in the process, resulting in large holes that posed risks to human and livestock lives. The study recommends enhancing brick makers' and landowners' awareness of implementing mud brick-making activities with appropriate sustainable environmental protection to improve the socio-economic status of both brick makers and the broader community.

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The distribution of the economic mineral resource potential in the Western Cape Province

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Traditional Brick Making, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts: A Case Study of Vhembe District, South Africa

Traditional Brick Making, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts: A Case Study of Vhembe District, South Africa

Nitrate Water Contamination from Industrial Activities and Complete Denitrification as a Remediation Option

Revitalizing Degraded and Abandoned Lands: Reflections from Local Government Involvement in Mud Brick Production - Tanzania

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