The distribution of putative nitric oxide releasing neurones in the locust abdominal nervous system: a comparison of NADPHd histochemistry and NOS-immunocytochemistry

Bullerjahn, Alexander; Pflüger, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.1078/0944-2006-00084

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Indeed, NO has been shown to modulate the threshold for spreading depolarization in human and rodent cortex (Petzold et al, 2008), although in this study the threshold was reduced by decreasing levels of NO and was primarily dependent on endothelial NOS. In insects, the neuroanatomical sub- strate has been well described (Bicker, 1998), especially in locusts (Ott and Burrows, 1998;Bullerjahn and Pflüger, 2003), and several studies have investigated its effect on motor patterning, sensory processing, and neuronal excitability (Müller and Hildebrandt, 2002;Newland and Yates, 2007). In contrast, the conditions under which NO production increases are less well known, and thus the behavioral relevance of the motor pattern modulation is not always clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histochemical techniques and immunocytochemistry have been used to identify cells in the locust thoracic nerve cord that contain NOS, the key enzyme that produces NO as it converts L-arginine to L-citrulline (Moncada et al, 1991;Müller, 1997;Bullerjahn and Pflüger, 2003). To examine showing protection from ouabain-induced SD-like events.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Nos Attenuates Sd-like Events Evoked By Extracmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of Spreading Depression-Like Events in Locusts by Inhibition of the NO/cGMP/PKG Pathway

Armstrong¹,

Rodgers²,

Money³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neuroscience

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Despite considerable research attention focused on mechanisms underlying neural spreading depression (SD), because of its association with important human CNS pathologies, such as stroke and migraine, little attention has been given to explaining its occurrence and regulation in invertebrates. In the locust metathoracic ganglion (MTG), an SD-like event occurs during heat and anoxia stress, which results in cessation of neuronal output for the duration of the applied stress. SD-like events were characterized by an abrupt rise in extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K ϩ ] o ) from a baseline concentration of ϳ8 to Ͼ30 mM, which returned to near baseline concentrations after removal of the applied stress. After return to baseline [K ϩ ] o , neuronal output (ventilatory motor pattern activity) from the MTG recovered. Unlike mammalian neurons, which depolarize almost completely during SD, locust neurons only partially depolarized. SD-like events in the locust CNS were suppressed by pharmacological inhibition of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G (NO/cGMP/PKG) pathway and were exacerbated by its activation. Also, environmental stressors such as heat and anoxia increased production of nitric oxide in the locust CNS. Finally, for the intact animal, manipulation of the pathway affected the speed of recovery from suffocation by immersion under water. We propose that SD-like events in locusts provide an adaptive mechanism for surviving extreme environmental conditions. The highly conserved nature of the NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway suggests that it may be involved in modulating SD in other organisms, including mammals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhibition Of Nos Attenuates Sd-like Events Evoked By Extracmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Spreading Depression-Like Events in Locusts by Inhibition of the NO/cGMP/PKG Pathway

Armstrong¹,

Rodgers²,

Money³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…In our study, we employed a "universal" NOS antibody raised against an epitope (DQKRYHEDIFG) conserved in all three mammalian isomers. This serum has been used for localizing NO-producing structures in the nervous tissues of various invertebrates including crustaceans (e.g., [57]) and insects: (Manduca [58]; Drosophila [59]; Locusta [60]), where it detects the same neurones as NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, but has proved to be superior for revealing efferent fibres [49], and less prone to fixation artefacts (cf. [61]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide as an Efferent Modulator of Circadian Pacemaker Neurones in the Eye of the Marine Mollusc Bulla gouldiana~!2008-04-11~!2008-06-27~!2008-08-26~!

Bullmann¹,

Stevenson²

2010

TOZJ

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An antiserum against the nitric oxide (NO) synthetase labelled varicosities surrounding circadian pacemaker cells ("basal retinal neurons", BRNs) in the eye of the marine mollusc Bulla gouldiana. These profiles appear to arise from extrinsic neurons with axons entering the eye via the optic nerve and are distinct from FMRFamide containing profiles, which represent the only efferent optic fibres in Bulla. In intact, dark-adapted eyes, the NO-donor SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine) had no obvious effect on BRN activity recorded from the optic nerve. However, the light response of these circadian pacemaker neurones was reversibly enhanced by 8-bromo-cGMP, a tissue permeable analogue of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and reduced by L-NAME (N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), a specific but irreversible inhibitor of NO synthesis. Furthermore, isolated BRNs in primary cell culture responded to the NO-donor SNAP with an elevated intracellular calcium concentration as measured by fluorescent calcium imaging using fura-2. This effect was blocked in the presence of the calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA), and mimicked by application of the phosphodiesterase blocker isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX). We propose that NO released from neurons entering the eyes, modulates the light responsiveness of the circadian pacemaker cells in Bulla by activating cGMP-gated calcium channels.

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“…2D). The approximate size of NOS has been independently determined as 135 kDa in the locust brain (Elphick et al, 1995), between 116 and 180 kDa in the locust abdominal nervous system (Bullerjahn and Pflüger, 2003) and between 130 and 150 kDa in other insects (Gibson and Nighorn, 2000;Watanabe et al, 2007;Settembrini et al, 2007). The genome of Drosophila contains only a single NOS gene (Regulsky and Tully, 1995;Enikopolov et al, 1999) and immunoblotting showed a band of the corresponding protein at about 150 kDa (Regulski et al, 2004).…”

Section: Nos Expression Provides For a Transcellular No Signal Duringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of molecular sequence data for the NOS of locusts, we used a universal NOS antibody that recognizes a highly conserved sequence of the three mammalian NOS isoforms and also detects arthropod NOS (Bicker, 2001;Bullerjahn and Pflüger, 2003;Christie et al, 2003;Settembrini et al, 2007). Western blotting of homogenates from embryonic foreand midguts revealed the presence of NOS-like 135-140 kDa proteins at the onset of enteric neuron migration (Fig.…”

Section: Nos Expression Provides For a Transcellular No Signal Duringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of enteric neuron migration by the gaseous messenger molecules CO and NO

Knipp¹,

Bicker²

2009

Development

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The enteric nervous system (ENS) of insects is a useful model to study cell motility. Using small-molecule compounds to activate or inactivate biosynthetic enzymes, we demonstrate that the gaseous messenger molecules carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) regulate neuron migration in the locust ENS. CO is produced by heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes and has the potential to signal via the sGC/cGMP pathway. While migrating on the midgut, the enteric neurons express immunoreactivity for HO. Here, we show that inhibition of HO by metalloporphyrins promotes enteric neuron migration in intact locust embryos. Thus, the blocking of enzyme activity results in a gain of function. The suppression of migratory behavior by activation of HO or application of a CO donor strongly implicates the release of CO as an inhibitory signal for neuron migration in vivo. Conversely, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase or application of the extracellular gaseous molecule scavenger hemoglobin reduces cell migration. The cellular distribution of NO and CO biosynthetic enzymes, together with the results of the chemical manipulations in whole embryo culture suggest CO as a modulator of transcellular NO signals during neuronal migration. Thus, we provide the first evidence that CO regulates embryonic nervous system development in a rather simple invertebrate model.

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The distribution of putative nitric oxide releasing neurones in the locust abdominal nervous system: a comparison of NADPHd histochemistry and NOS-immunocytochemistry

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Suppression of Spreading Depression-Like Events in Locusts by Inhibition of the NO/cGMP/PKG Pathway

Suppression of Spreading Depression-Like Events in Locusts by Inhibition of the NO/cGMP/PKG Pathway

Nitric Oxide as an Efferent Modulator of Circadian Pacemaker Neurones in the Eye of the Marine Mollusc Bulla gouldiana~!2008-04-11~!2008-06-27~!2008-08-26~!

Regulation of enteric neuron migration by the gaseous messenger molecules CO and NO

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