The distribution of nitric oxide synthase-, adenosine deaminase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity through the entire rat nucleus tractus solitarius

Lawrence, Andrew J; Castillo‐Melendez, Margie; McLean, Karen J.; Jarrott, Bevyn

doi:10.1016/s0891-0618(98)00020-9

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Analogous to the situation described above for ependymal cilia, the PNC and, therefore, also AMPD could be required in neurons, the high synaptic activities of which would be dependent on high rates of provision of ATP. The present finding of AMPD in brain neurons in situ is in accord with the detection of the activity of this enzyme in primary neuronal cultures derived from rat brain (Brosh et al, 1996), with the decrease in AMPD activity with culture age of cultured rat astroglial cells (Zoref-Shani et al, 1995), and with its immunological detection in the neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (Lawrence et al, 1998). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

AMP deaminase in rat brain: Localization in neurons and ependymal cells

Knecht

Wiesmüller

Gnau

et al. 2001

J of Neuroscience Research

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The purine nucleotide cycle enzyme AMP deaminase (AMPD) catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of AMP. The physiological function of the purine nucleotide cycle in the brain is unknown. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies were performed to identify the regional and cellular expression of AMPD in rat brain with the goal of elucidating the neural function of the purine nucleotide cycle. AMPD messenger RNA was detected in ventricular ependymal cells and cells of the choroid plexus and in neurons of distinct brain areas. Although only low antibody titers were obtained by immunization with the purified sheep brain AMPD, immunization of mice with synthetic lipopeptide vaccines containing oligopeptides derived from a known partial complementary DNA sequence of the enzyme yielded an antiserum suitable for immunocytochemistry. Immunostaining of cells in culture showed that neurons but not astroglial cells express appreciable amounts of the enzyme. Results of immunocytochemical staining performed on rat brain slices were in accord with the localization of AMPD messenger RNA, thus confirming the expression of AMPD in neurons of the brain stem, hippocampus, cerebellar nuclei and mesencephalic nuclei, as well as in ventricular ependymal cells and their cilia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

AMP deaminase in rat brain: Localization in neurons and ependymal cells

Knecht

Wiesmüller

Gnau

et al. 2001

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…The immunolabeling patterns of GABA, NPY, CGRP, Galanin and Neurotensin in the NTS with the employed antibodies presented in our manuscript coincide closely to that extensively described by other authors (Maley 1996;Lawrence et al 1998;Terai et al 1998). The labeling achieved in the present manuscript also coincides exactly with what we have been showing in our recent published papers (Coelho et al 2004;Silva et al 2004;Ferrari and Fior-Chadi 2005).…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrysupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on systemic kainate-induced activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Regulation of blood pressure and local neurotransmitters

2008

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Glutamatergic transmission through metabotropic and ionotropic receptors, including kainate receptors, plays an important role in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) functions. Glutamate system may interact with several other neurotransmitter systems which might also be influenced by steroid hormones. In the present study we analyzed the ability of systemic kainate to stimulate rat NTS neurons, which was evaluated by c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activation, and also to change the levels of NTS neurotransmitters such as GABA, NPY, CGRP, GAL, NT and NO by means of quantitative immunohistichemistry combined with image analysis. The analysis was also performed in adrenalectomized and kainate stimulated rats in order to evaluate a possible role of adrenal hormones on NTS neurotransmission. Male Wistar rats (3 month-old) were used in the present study. A group of 15 rats was submitted either to bilateral adrenalectomy or sham operation. Forty-eight hours after the surgeries, adrenalectomized rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of kainate (12 mg/kg) and the sham-operated rats were injected either with saline or kainate and sacrificed 8 hours later. The same experimental design was applied in a group of rats in order to register the arterial blood pressure. Systemic kainate decreased the basal values of mean arterial blood pressure (35%) and heart rate (22%) of sham-operated rats, reduction that were maintained in adrenalectomized rats. Kainate triggered a marked elevation of c-Fos positive neurons in the NTS which was 54% counteracted by adrenalectomy. The kainate activated NTS showed changes in the immunoreactive levels of GABA (143% of elevation) and NPY (36% of decrease), which were not modified by previous ablation of adrenal glands. Modulation in the levels of CGRP, GAL and NT immunoreactivities were only observed after kainate in the adrenalectomized rats. Treatments did not alter NOS labeling. It is possible that modulatory function among neurotransmitter systems in the NTS might be influenced by steroid hormones and the implications for central regulation of blood pressure or other visceral regulatory mechanisms control should be further investigated.

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“…In addition, the absence of colocalization of NOS and TH in cells of the Nsol has been confirmed in amphibians and reptiles López et al, 2005]. Of note, the presence of nitrergic cells in the Nsol led to the suggestion that NO may be related to the modulation of visceral sensitive afferents, the control of blood pressure, and the regulation of respiratory frequency [Lawrence et al, 1998;Wu et al, 2002;Granjeiro and Machado, 2009;Kong et al, 2009].…”

Section: Hindbrainmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pattern of Nitrergic Neuronal System Organization in the Brain of Two Holostean Fishes (Actinopterygii: Ginglymodi)

et al. 2017

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The study of the nitrergic system, formed by the networks of neurons containing the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been extremely useful in unraveling neuroanatomical features of the organization of the central nervous system of vertebrates. Thus, data are available for representatives of most vertebrate classes and, in particular, several studies have detailed the organization of this system in teleosts. In contrast, no information is available regarding this neurotransmission system in the brains of holosteans, an early diverged and poorly understood group of actinopterygian fishes, currently considered a sister group of teleosts that contains only 8 species. The present study provides the first detailed information on the distribution of nitrergic cell bodies and fibers in 2 holostean species of the genus Lepisosteus, the spotted gar L. oculatus and the Florida gar L. platyrhincus. NOS immunohistochemistry and the NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical reaction were used, and both techniques yielded identical results, with the exception of the primary olfactory and terminal nerve fibers, which only labeled for NADPH-d exclusively in L. oculatus. Double immunohistochemistry was conducted for the simultaneous detection of NOS with tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase, calbindin, calretinin, and serotonin to accurately establish the localization of the nitrergic neurons and fibers in the brain of holosteans, the neuroanatomy of which has been mostly neglected, and to assess possible interactions between these neuroactive substances. Distinct groups of nitrergic cells were located in subpallial areas, the basal hypothalamus, posterior tubercle, optic tectum and mesencephalic tegmentum, reticular formation, solitary tract nucleus, spinal cord, and amacrine cells in the retina. In addition, low numbers of nitrergic cells were observed in the pallium, suprachiasmatic nucleus, prethalamic and thalamic areas, torus lateralis and torus semicircularis, cerebellar and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei, and the ventral octavolateral area. Comparison of these results with those from other classes of vertebrates, and including a segmental analysis to correlate cell populations, reveals that the pattern of the nitrergic system in holosteans is very close to that in ancestral actinopterygian fishes and highlights conserved and derived traits.

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The distribution of nitric oxide synthase-, adenosine deaminase- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity through the entire rat nucleus tractus solitarius

Cited by 55 publications

References 53 publications

AMP deaminase in rat brain: Localization in neurons and ependymal cells

AMP deaminase in rat brain: Localization in neurons and ependymal cells

Effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on systemic kainate-induced activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Regulation of blood pressure and local neurotransmitters

Pattern of Nitrergic Neuronal System Organization in the Brain of Two Holostean Fishes (Actinopterygii: Ginglymodi)

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