The Distribution of Naegleria Fowleri in Man-Made Thermal Waters

Jonckheere, J. De; Voorde, Herman Van de

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1977.26.10

Cited by 70 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…In the latter report, no N. fowleri isolates were obtained from lake waters below 26.5°C, but they were obtained from the bottom mud at 16°C. Similarly, de Jonckheere & Van de Voorde (1977) succeeded in isolating N. fowleri from waters at 10- …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence and distribution of pathogenic free‐living amoebae in thermal areas of the North Island of New Zealand

Brown

Cursons

Keys

et al. 1983

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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A sample survey of 9 thermal pools or streams in 3 Health Districts of the North Island of New Zealand was made over a 15-month period to determine the presence or absence of pathogenic free-living amoeba (PFLA) of the genera Naegleria and Acanthamoeba. Concurrent chemical, physical, and bacteriological analyses of the pools were made. Naegleria and Acanthamoeba were isolated in the Rotorua and Hamilton Health Districts but not in the Gisborne Health District. Most PFLA were isolated from water with a high coliform content or soil contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence and distribution of pathogenic free‐living amoebae in thermal areas of the North Island of New Zealand

Brown

Cursons

Keys

et al. 1983

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…Species in the genus Naegleria are free-living amoebae found globally in soil and warm pools of fresh water (de Jonckheere & Voorde, 1977). About 30 species have been recognized, but only Naegleria fowleri is a human pathogen that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in immunocompetent children and young adults (De Jonckheere, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a high- versus low-pathogenicity model of the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri

et al. 2012

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Species in the genus Naegleria are free-living amoebae of the soil and warm fresh water. Although around 30 species have been recognized, Naegleria fowleri is the only one that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans. PAM is an acute and fast progressing disease affecting the central nervous system. Most of the patients die within 1-2 weeks of exposure to the infectious water source. The fact that N. fowleri causes such fast progressing and highly lethal infections has opened many questions regarding the relevant pathogenicity factors of the amoeba. In order to investigate the pathogenesis of N. fowleri under defined experimental conditions, we developed a novel high-versus low-pathogenicity model for this pathogen. We showed that the composition of the axenic growth media influenced growth behaviour and morphology, as well as in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo pathogenicity of N. fowleri. Trophozoites maintained in Nelson's medium were highly pathogenic for mice, demonstrated rapid in vitro proliferation, characteristic expression of surface membrane vesicles and a small cell diameter, and killed target mouse fibroblasts by both contact-dependent and -independent destruction. In contrast, N. fowleri cultured in PYNFH medium exhibited a low pathogenicity, slower growth, increased cell size and contact-dependent target cell destruction. However, cultivation of the amoeba in PYNFH medium supplemented with liver hydrolysate (LH) resulted in trophozoites that were highly pathogenic in mice, and demonstrated an intermediate proliferation rate in vitro, diminished cell diameter and contact-dependent target cell destruction. Thus, in this model, the presence of LH resulted in increased proliferation of trophozoites in vitro and enhanced pathogenicity of N. fowleri in mice. However, neither in vitro cytotoxicity mechanisms nor the presence of membrane vesicles on the surface correlated with the pathologic potential of the amoeba. This indicated that the pathogenicity of N. fowleri remains a complex interaction between as-yet-unidentified cellular mechanisms.

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“…This rare but almost always fatal disease is generally acquired during swimming or diving in contaminated fresh water (Cursons et al 1979;Martinez 1993). N. fowleri has been isolated from a variety of water sources throughout the world, especially those with arti®cially elevated temperatures (Brown et al 1983;Cerva et al 1982; DeJonckheere and Van de Voorde 1977;Dive et al 1981;Fliermans et al 1979;Huizinga and McLaughlin 1990;Kasprzak et al 1982;Sykora et al 1983;Tyndall et al 1989;Wellings et al 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species specificity of a monoclonal antibody produced to Naegleria fowleri and partial characterization of its antigenic determinant

et al. 2000

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Monoclonal antibody (Mab) 5D12 against Naegleria fowleri was analyzed for species specificity. Mab 5D12 reacted with a ubiquitous epitope present on the membrane of N. fowleri but not with soluble antigens. The Mab did not react with N. lovaniensis, N. gruberi, N. australiensis, or Acanthamoeba castellanii. The decreased reactivity of Mab 5D12 with N. fowleri observed after periodate oxidation, after digestion of carbohydrate moieties by three glycosidases, or after treatment of amebas with tunicamycin strongly suggests that the antigenic determinant has a polysaccharide component. Inhibition of the reactivity of Mab 5D12 by soluble saccharides supports the idea that N-acetyl or amino groups may play an important role in the recognition of the carbohydrate component of the epitope by the Mab. The specificity of Mab 5D12 makes this an ideal reagent for the identification of N. fowleri in environmental samples or in clinical specimens.

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The Distribution of Naegleria Fowleri in Man-Made Thermal Waters

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

The occurrence and distribution of pathogenic free‐living amoebae in thermal areas of the North Island of New Zealand

The occurrence and distribution of pathogenic free‐living amoebae in thermal areas of the North Island of New Zealand

Development of a high- versus low-pathogenicity model of the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri

Species specificity of a monoclonal antibody produced to Naegleria fowleri and partial characterization of its antigenic determinant

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