The distribution of motor proteins in the muscles and flame cells of the <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> miracidium and primary sporocyst

Bahia, Diana; Avelar, Lívia; Vigorosi, Fabio; Cioli, Donato; Oliveira, Guilherme; Mortara, Renato Arruda

doi:10.1017/s0031182006000400

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Flamecell differentiation seems to occur late during organogenesis (perhaps starting at stage 7), but additional investigations are still needed to clarify its emergence. Bahia et al (2006) have recently revealed the distribution of motor proteins in the musculature and flame cells of miracidia and primary sporocysts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs: proposal for a new staging system

et al. 2009

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Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic illness caused by neoophoran trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Using classical histological techniques and whole-mount preparations, the present work describes the embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the murine host and compares it with eggs maintained under in vitro conditions. Two pre-embryonic stages occur inside the female worm: the prezygotic stage is characterized by the release of mature oocytes from the female ovary until its fertilization. The zygotic stage encompasses the migration of the zygote through the ootype, where the eggshell is formed, to the uterus. Fully formed eggs are laid still undeveloped, without having suffered any cleavage. In the outside environment, eight embryonic stages can be defined: stage 1 refers to early cleavages and the beginning of yolk fusion. Stage 2 represents late cleavage, with the formation of a stereoblastula and the onset of outer envelope differentiation. Stage 3 is defined by the elongation of the embryonic primordium and the onset of inner envelope formation. At stage 4, the first organ primordia arise. During stages 5 to 7, tissue and organ differentiation occurs (neural mass, epidermis, terebratorium, musculature, and miracidial glands). Stage 7 is characterized by the nuclear condensation of neurons of the central neural mass. Stage 8 refers to the fully formed larva, presenting muscular contraction, cilia, and flame-cell beating. This staging system was compared to a previous classification and could underlie further studies on egg histoproteomics (morphological localizome). The differentiation of embryonic structures and their probable roles in granulomatogenesis are discussed herein.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs: proposal for a new staging system

et al. 2009

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“…For visualization of the musculature by f-actin, larvae were stained with Alexafluor 488-conjugated phalloidin (Invitrogen, Molecular Probes) and counterstained with DAPI according to the protocol of Bahia et al (2006). Specimens were fixed for 1 h in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on ice and then permeabilized for 1 h in PBS, 0.2% gelatin, 0.1% saponin, 0.1% NaN 3 at room temperature, before staining, and washed several times in PBS before viewing.…”

Section: Whole-mount In Situ Hybridization and Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein variation in blood-dwelling schistosome worms generated by differential splicing of micro-exon gene transcripts

DeMarco¹,

Mathieson²,

Manuel³

et al. 2010

Genome Res.

162

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Schistosoma mansoni is a well-adapted blood-dwelling parasitic helminth, persisting for decades in its human host despite being continually exposed to potential immune attack. Here, we describe in detail micro-exon genes (MEG) in S. mansoni, some present in multiple copies, which represent a novel molecular system for creating protein variation through the alternate splicing of short (#36 bp) symmetric exons organized in tandem. Analysis of three closely related copies of one MEG family allowed us to trace several evolutionary events and propose a mechanism for micro-exon generation and diversification. Microarray experiments show that the majority of MEGs are up-regulated in life cycle stages associated with establishment in the mammalian host after skin penetration. Sequencing of RT-PCR products allowed the description of several alternate splice forms of micro-exon genes, highlighting the potential use of these transcripts to generate a complex pool of protein variants. We obtained direct evidence for the existence of such pools by proteomic analysis of secretions from migrating schistosomula and mature eggs. Whole-mount in situ hybridization and immunolocalization showed that MEG transcripts and proteins were restricted to glands or epithelia exposed to the external environment. The ability of schistosomes to produce a complex pool of variant proteins aligns them with the other major groups of blood parasites, but using a completely different mechanism. We believe that our data open a new chapter in the study of immune evasion by schistosomes, and their ability to generate variant proteins could represent a significant obstacle to vaccine development.

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“…The corollary is that "there is a higher level of confidence that specific inhibitors can be designed to target protein kinases with < 60% sequence identity, which is the case for the vast majority of parasite kinomes when compared to that of humans" (Vieth et al 2004, Naula et al 2005 The presence of SmFes (in green) can be observed in terebratorium (miracidia) (A) and in oral sucker and acetabular gland (schistosomula) (B) (unpublished results). Actin (red) and DAPI (blue) labellings were obtained according to Bahia et al (2006b).…”

Section: Presence Of Pks In Sequenced Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein tyrosine kinases in Schistosoma mansoni

Bahia

Andrade

Ludolf

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The identification and description of signal transduction molecules and mechanisms are essential to elucidate Schistosoma mansoni host-parasite interactions and parasite biology. This mini review focuses on recent advancements in the study of signalling molecules and transduction mechanisms in S. mansoni, drawing special attention to the recently identified and characterised protein tyrosine kinases of S. mansoni.

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The distribution of motor proteins in the muscles and flame cells of the Schistosoma mansoni miracidium and primary sporocyst

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

The embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs: proposal for a new staging system

The embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs: proposal for a new staging system

Protein variation in blood-dwelling schistosome worms generated by differential splicing of micro-exon gene transcripts

Protein tyrosine kinases in Schistosoma mansoni

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