The distribution of mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament of the mandibular canine tooth of the cat.

Cash, R. M.; Rj, Linden

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014350

Cited by 102 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…It is generally believed that the Ruffini-like endings belong to the category of slowly adapting receptors, and the coiled endings, to the rapidly adapting receptor (HANNAM, 1982). This difference in location of the two types of mechanoreceptors in the human preiodontal ligament is consistent with a physiological study where, in the periodontal ligament of cat canine, slowly adapting receptors were distributed around the root apex, whereas rapidly adapting receptors were instead located in the coronal half of the periodontal ligament (CASH and LINDEN, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Nerve terminals in human periodontal ligament as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein(NFP) and s-100 protein.

Maeda

Kannari

Sato

et al. 1990

Arch. Histol. Cytol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Nerve terminals in human periodontal ligament as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein(NFP) and s-100 protein.

Maeda

Kannari

Sato

et al. 1990

Arch. Histol. Cytol.

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“…The threshold also decreased closer to the apex. From these studies, it was suggested that there may be only one type of mechanoreceptor and that the rates of adaptation and threshold properties are dependent on the location of the receptor within the periodontal ligament (Cash and Linden, 1982;Linden and Millar, 1988a;reviewed in Linden, 1990).…”

Section: P Eriodontal Mechanoreceptors (Pmrs )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflex Control of Human Jaw Muscles

Türker

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

137

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Introduction The main function of the masticatory muscles is to break food down into pieces small enough to be swallowed. These are strong muscles that generate very large forces across very short distances and apply themvia rigid teeth. Such large forces can easily damage the teeth and their supporting tissues, tongue, cheeks, and the joints unless they are controlled precisely and effectively. There is evidence that the masticatory forces are controlled very precisely and that these forces change from bite to bite, depending on the consistency of the bolus. However, we do not fully understand this control mechanism. Unless the details of the mechanism that controls the masticatory forces in health and disease are thoroughly understood, the diagnosis and treatment of masticatory-related dysfunctions (such as temporomandibular dysfunction) will remain at the present "symptomatic" state.The aim of this review is to discuss what is known about the control of the human masticatory system and to propose a method for standardized investigation. This review is divided into six parts. The first part discusses the activation of human jaw muscle motoneurons by the central and peripheral sources. The second part discusses the receptors that are thought to contribute to the control of human mastication. In part 3, the reflexes elicited in human subjects are discussed. In part 4, simulated chewing experiments are discussed. In part 5, recording and analyzing methods are discussed, and a new method for estimating synaptic potential in human motoneurons is introduced. Finally, in part 6, three frequently asked questions are used to discuss the issues put forward in this review.Presently, our knowledge of mastication and its control by various receptors is patchy. Most of the work in this area comes from animal species with which investigators have used widely varying reduction techniques (anesthetization, decerebration, curarization, etc.). In these preparations, when nerve pathways are the subject of the study, the nerve to be stimulated is dissected free and teased so that one or a few identified nerve fibers are stimulated. The synaptic potential that is induced by this stimulation is recorded by means of microelectrodes that are placed within the central nervous system (reviewed in Lund, 1991;Linden, 1990). It is also possible for investigators to initiate "chewing" in animal preparations, and to study the effects of various receptor systems on the development of force (Lavigne et al ., 1987;.In humans, one must establish the connections of various afferents to the motoneurons that innervate the masticatory muscles under static or dynamic conditions to begin to understand the mechanism and control of mastication. The human work is challenging, since direct recording from motoneurons is not yet possible and precise stimulation of nerves is not easily controlled. Therefore, various indirect measurements have been used for the study of synaptic potential in human subjects. In most of these studies, afferent nerves are stimul...

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“…Some authors claimed that the third type of mechoreceptors viz. with spontaneously discharging and slowly adapting capability could be credited in part to cutting the sympathetic efferents [93]. It was claimed that surrounding peripheral tissues are loosely fit to rapidly adapting receptors resulting in easy gliding of tissues when forces applied.…”

Section: Periodontium and Proprioceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 PDM responded while the force is applied but did not fire during a sustained force and were classified as rapidly adapting PDM. Of these 127 PDM, 7 were rapidly adapting receptors and were near to the fulcrum than to apex, apical 3rd of the ligament contains 23 slowly adapting receptors and 30 were found to be located in the labial part of the PDL [93]. Transmission of tactile sensation, pressure and pain are supplied by sensory fibres of periodontium via the trigeminal pathway into their trophic centre in trigeminal ganglion.…”

Section: Periodontium and Proprioceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of root form endosseous dental implant-Transformation from bone anchored to ligament anchored implants and its neurological aspects-Sensory dental implants

Das¹,

Soni²,

Bellare³

2017

Med Devices Diagn Eng

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This review paper investigates the possible transformation of endosseous dental implant, primarily from the current osseointegrated to the future ligament anchored implant within which a new class of implants with enhanced feature of "neuro-ligament integration" may appear. Endosseous dental implants used presently to replace missing teeth get fused with bone but they do not have any periodontal ligament interface between the alveolar socket and the surface of the implant, which natural teeth do. Hence, they lack any proprioceptive sensation, which is important for discrimination, directional and masticatory sensation. Attempts have been made to regenerate periodontium around the implant in 90s, which was not completely successful. Thereafter, there has been limited research. However, recent advances in tissue engineering and biomaterials gave renewed hope of establishing sensory dental implants. In this review, various methods of regeneration of periodontium onto the surface of titanium implants have been discussed along with the possible types of neurological assessment and neuroimaging that could be carried out for validation of its afferent feedback. The review starts by giving background information of major stages and terminologies in the field of oral implants, its response to host tissue in bone, various surface modification of dental implants, stem cells that are used for periodontal regeneration, different approaches for regeneration of periodontium, concept of proprioception in periodontium, osseoperception of dental implants and concludes with neurophysiology of oro-dentofacial region in brain including its detection and measurements methods.

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The distribution of mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament of the mandibular canine tooth of the cat.

Cited by 102 publications

References 19 publications

Nerve terminals in human periodontal ligament as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein(NFP) and s-100 protein.

Nerve terminals in human periodontal ligament as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein(NFP) and s-100 protein.

Reflex Control of Human Jaw Muscles

Evolution of root form endosseous dental implant-Transformation from bone anchored to ligament anchored implants and its neurological aspects-Sensory dental implants

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