The distribution of lithium and its effects on the distribution and excretion of other ions in the rat

Birch, N. J.; Jenner, F. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08189.x

Cited by 74 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In accord with other studies (Birch & Jenner, 1973;Neilson, 1964a, b) in both man and animals, plasma magnesium was elevated in all the rats given lithium for 14 days.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Comparing the results of the present study with those of Birch & Jenner (1973), both show a decrease in brain magnesium proportionally depending on the dose of lithium, although in the latter case lithium was administered by intraperitoneal injection or in the drinking water. Also, Mellerup et al (1973) showed an increase in plasma magnesium after a single intraperitoneal injection of 900 ,umol of lithium chloride which is comparable to the increased magnesium level we obtained with a very different dosage and route of administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Birch & Jenner (1973) also found no significant alteration of water content of whole brain after lithium administration. Slight regional differences in water content were noted by us in both lithium-and sodium-treated animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The analytical method used here has been compared with the standard technique of wet ashing as described by Birch & Jenner (1973) based on the procedure of Chang et al (1966 When the lithium dose was increased to 45 mmol/kg dry food, the brain region distribution of lithium remained similar but the concentrations increased (Table 1). However, the brain/plasma lithium ratio increased so that the concentrations of lithium in the hippocampus, mid-brain, corpus striatum and cortex were all significantly higher than the plasma lithium concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Distribution of Lithium, Sodium and Magnesium in Rat Brain and Plasma After Various Periods of Administration of Lithium in the Diet

Bond

Brooks²,

Judd³

1975

British J Pharmacology

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1The tissue solubilizer Soluene-100 provides an efficient and easy means of preparing small amounts of rat tissue for cation analysis. 2 Administration of lithium ions to rats for two days to 42 days by the addition of lithium chloride to the diet at a concentration of 30 mmol/kg dry weight results in (a) the uniform distribution of lithium throughout the brain at a concentration comparable to that found in plasma; (b) decrease in the brain sodium concentration; (c) a decrease in brain magnesium concentration and an increase in plasma magnesium concentration; (d) no change in brain water content.3 The inclusion of LiCl in the diet at a concentration of 30 mmol/kg dry food gives consistent and predictable plasma and brain levels of lithium in the rat without the occurrence of serious side effects over periods of up to 42 days.

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“…In accord with other studies (Birch & Jenner, 1973;Neilson, 1964a, b) in both man and animals, plasma magnesium was elevated in all the rats given lithium for 14 days.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Distribution of Lithium, Sodium and Magnesium in Rat Brain and Plasma After Various Periods of Administration of Lithium in the Diet

Bond

Brooks²,

Judd³

1975

British J Pharmacology

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“…' Gibbons (1960); Coppen & Shaw (1963); Hullin, Swinscoe, McDonald & Dransfield (1968) and Aronoff, Evens & Durrel (1971) reported that sodium excretion increased following the commencement of lithium treatment. Baer, Kassir & Fieve (1970) ;Ho, Gershon & Pinckney (1970); and Birch & Jenner (1973) found that chronic administration of lithium to rats results in a significant decrease in brain sodium concentration. An increase in serum magnesium concentration has also been observed to accompany treatment with lithium (Nielsen, 1964;Aronoff et al (1971); and Andreoli, Villani & Brambilla, 1972;Mellerup, Plenge & Rafaelsen, 1973;and Birch & Jenner, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lithium on electrolyte transport by the in situ choroid plexus of the cat.

Reed¹,

Yen²

1980

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effects of lithium on electrolyte transport were studied by using the cat choroid plexus isolated in a chamber in situ.2. Lithium infused intravenously to produce plasma lithium concentrations up to 5 m-equiv/l. caused an increase in plasma magnesium with no effect on the concentration of magnesium in the chamber fluid.3. When 22NaCl was infused intravenously the chamber fluid/plasma ratio of 22Na was nearly 1 in the first 30 min sample and at the steady state it was significantly greater than 1.4. When lithium chloride (1-5 m-equiv/l.) or potassium chloride (6.6 m-equiv/l.) was added to the chamber at the start of a collection period with plasma 22Na in the steady state, the 22Na content of the chamber fluid promptly increased 118 and 68 %, respectively, above the control value with no increase in secretary rate.5. The addition of ouabain to the chamber fluid, in addition to the lithium chloride or potassium chloride, tended to stimulate or have no significant effect on 22Na uptake at a concentration of 10-5 M and to reduce it as well as the secretary rate at 10-3 M.6. The data are compatible with there being two functionally separate sodium transport systems in the choroid plexus. One transports sodium accompanied by an anion and water to provide the fluid secreted into the chamber (c.s.f.) and the other operates primarily to regulate the potassium concentration of the c.s.f. by pumping potassium out in exchange for sodium.7. Lithium can be transported by both systems to a limited extent and the presence of lithium in the c.s.f. stimulates the sodium-potassium regulating pump.

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Side Effects Associated With Lithium Therapy

Reisberg¹

1979

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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The distribution of lithium and its effects on the distribution and excretion of other ions in the rat

Abstract: Summary In rats, lithium (ca 1 mEquiv/kg body weight) decreased brain sodium and magnesium, bone sodium and calcium and increased muscle calcium, plasma magnesium, urinary calcium and urine volume. Lithium was particularly concentrated in bone.

Cited by 74 publications

References 25 publications

The Distribution of Lithium, Sodium and Magnesium in Rat Brain and Plasma After Various Periods of Administration of Lithium in the Diet

The Distribution of Lithium, Sodium and Magnesium in Rat Brain and Plasma After Various Periods of Administration of Lithium in the Diet

The effect of lithium on electrolyte transport by the in situ choroid plexus of the cat.

Side Effects Associated With Lithium Therapy

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