The distribution of light nonmethane hydrocarbons over the mid-Atlantic: Results of the Polarstern cruise ANT VII/1

Koppmann, R.; Bauer, R.; Johnen, F. J.; Plass, C.; Rudolph, J.

doi:10.1007/bf00115395

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The reproducibility ranged between 10 and 30% depending on the compound. Details of the analytical techniques are given by Koppmann et al [1992Koppmann et al [ , 1993 and Rudolph et al [1986,1995].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of organic trace gases from savanna fires in southern Africa during the 1992 Southern African Fire Atmosphere Research Initiative and their impact on the formation of tropospheric ozone

Koppmann¹,

Khedim²,

Rudolph³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. CO, CH4, and organic trace gases were measured in air samples collected during several flights with a DC-3 aircraft through the plumes from savanna fires and agricultural fires during the SAFARI 92 campaign in southern Africa in September and October 1992. In all samples a variety of higher molecular weight organic compounds was found, most of which are very reactive. More than 70 of the roughly 140 major components present could be identified. Typically, mixing ratios of several hundred parts per billion carbon of organic compounds were measured inside the plumes, corresponding to an emission ratio of total organic carbon relative to CO2 of up to 1%. About 50% of these emissions were in the form of oxygenated and unsaturated compounds. The contributions of still unknown compounds to the total emission of organic compounds add up to another 20-30%. The observed emission ratios relative to CO2 show a considerable variation depending on the fuel type and the burning stages of the fire. The lowest value of the emission ratio of the sum of all identified organic compounds relative to CO2 was found for a sugar cane fire with (1.7 +_ 0.7) x 10 -3 (ppb C/ppb CO2). For a large savanna fire in Kruger National Park the ratio was (7.4 _+ 1.6) x 10 -3 (ppb C/ppb CO2). The highest value was (13.7 _+ 0.9) x 10 -3 (ppb C/ppb CO2) for an uncontrolled fire of mainly wood and shrub in the Drakensberg region. Results of model calculations show that in biomassburning plumes, reactive organic compounds contribute significantly to the formation of ozone, especially during the initial phase of photochemical processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of organic trace gases from savanna fires in southern Africa during the 1992 Southern African Fire Atmosphere Research Initiative and their impact on the formation of tropospheric ozone

Koppmann¹,

Khedim²,

Rudolph³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Details of the technique are described elsewhere (Koppmann et al, 1992;Rudolph et aI., 1990). For quantification, an air sample of known composition was preconcentrated and analyzed by the same procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Henry's Law Constants (McAuliffe, 1966;Wilhelm et al, 1977) and the simultaneously measured atmospheric hydrocarbon concentrations (Koppmann et al, 1992) the ocean proved to be supersaturated by factors between 20 and 1000 for all NMHC except acetylene. Thus, the ocean is a source for atmospheric NMHC.…”

Section: Oceanic Nmhc Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light hydrocarbons in the surface water of the mid-Atlantic

1992

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Abstract. During a cruise of RV Polarstern over the Atlantic in September/October 1988. C C C 4 hydrocarbons were measured in surface sea water. The ship passed through three different ocean regions divided by divergences at 8°Nand 3" S. Hydrocarbon concentrations differed considerably in these regions. The highest values were obtained for ethene with mean concentrations of 246 pMol/l between 35°N and So N, 165 pMolI1 between 8" Nand 3 0 S, and 63 pMolI1 between 3°Sand 30" S. Low values were found for i-and n-butane and acetylene between 32 pMolI1 and I pMolII. The alkene concentrations were in general higher than the concentrations of their saturated homologs. Concentrations decreased with increasing carbon numbers. The various alkenes were well correlated with one another as were the various alkanes. Oceanic emission rates of the light hydrocarbons were calculated from their sea water concentrations using an ocean atmosphere exchange model. The averaged f1uxes ranged from about IO x molec cm-2 S-I for the alkenes and ethane to less than 10 7 molec cm-2 S-I for the C 4 alkanes. Acetylene emissions were below 3 x 10" molec cm-2 s-J. Based upon these rates budget estimates of NMHC in the ocean surface layer were made with a simple model considering production and destruction processes in the water. The emissions to the atmosphere appear to be the dominant loss process between 3Y N and So N, whereas destruction in the water seems to be dominant in the latitude ranges 8" N-3°Sand 3°S-30" S.

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“…The main reactions producing light carboxylic acids in the atmospheric gaseous phase are: (1) the ozone oxidation of olefins emitted from soil and vegetation (isoprene, monoterpene, Jacob and Wofsy, 1988) as well as in the marine atmosphere by biogenic precursors (light alkenes, Keene and Galloway, 1988;Bonsang et al, 1991;Koppman et al, 1992; possibly isoprene, Bonsang et al, 1992), (2) the reactions of peroxyl and proxy acetyl radicals producing acetic acid in *Corresponding author. email: mdeangelis@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr Tellus B 2012.…”

Section: Background á Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term trends of mono-carboxylic acids in Antarctica: comparison of changes in sources and transport processes at the two EPICA deep drilling sites

Angelis

Traversi²,

Udisti

2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C TWe present here the first profiles of acetate and formate concentrations in Antarctic ice for time periods that include the great climatic changes of the past. Data are from two Antarctic deep ice cores recovered on the central East Antarctic Plateau (EDC) and in the Dronning Maud Land (EDML) facing the Atlantic Ocean (European EPICA Project). Except the sporadic arrival of diluted continental plumes during glacial extrema, the main source of acetate deposited over the EDC does not seem to have changed significantly over the past 300 kyr and is related to marine biogenic activity. A more detailed study of the past 55 kyr leads to the conclusion that acetate reaching the EDML during a large part of the last glacial maximum was emitted by the Patagonian continental biomass and was uptaken along with nitric acid at the surface of mineral dust. Changes in formate concentrations are characterised by less scattered and lower values at both sites during glacial periods. We propose that the present marine source of formic acid (Legrand et al., 2004) drastically decreased but did not completely vanish under cold climate conditions, whereas the share of methane oxidation in formic acid production became prominent.

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The distribution of light nonmethane hydrocarbons over the mid-Atlantic: Results of the Polarstern cruise ANT VII/1

Cited by 57 publications

References 32 publications

Emissions of organic trace gases from savanna fires in southern Africa during the 1992 Southern African Fire Atmosphere Research Initiative and their impact on the formation of tropospheric ozone

Emissions of organic trace gases from savanna fires in southern Africa during the 1992 Southern African Fire Atmosphere Research Initiative and their impact on the formation of tropospheric ozone

Light hydrocarbons in the surface water of the mid-Atlantic

Long-term trends of mono-carboxylic acids in Antarctica: comparison of changes in sources and transport processes at the two EPICA deep drilling sites

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