The Distribution of Immunocompetent Cells in the Compartments of the Palatine Tonsils in Bacterial and Viral Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Bernstein, Joel; Scheeren, R. A.; Schoenfeld, Elinor; Albini, Boris

doi:10.3109/00016488809125019

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Strategically located at the entrance of this tract, the tonsils are important masses of organized lymphoid tissue that contain all cell types necessary for induction and expression of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses [1][2][3][4]. Equipped with a specialized epithelium containing antigen-transporting cells similar to intestinal M cells [5,6] and with lymphoid follicules containing germinal centres [I], tonsils might be regarded as the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue counterparts of intestinal Peyer's patches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of spontaneous interferon-gamma-producing cells in human tonsils: role of local accessory cells and soluble factors

Quiding

Granström

Nordström

et al. 1993

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYThe frequency of mononuclear cells (MNC) spontaneously secreting interferon-gamma (IFN-y) has been examined in freshly isolated cell suspensions from human palatine tonsils. Two-site reverse enzyme-linked immunospol (ELISPOT) analyses, involving short term (20 h) incubation of MNC in the absence of any added exogenous stimulus, revealed that tonsillar MNC suspensions contain exceptionally large numbers ofcells secreting IFN-y. No significant differences were observed when comparing the frequency of IFN-y-producing cells between cell suspensions obtained from hyperplastic and tonsillitis specimens. Cell-sorting experiments disclosed that spontaneous tonsiltar IFN-y production was essentially contributed by CD4"' T cells, and required the presence of accessory cells and/or soluble factors to be detected. Thus, depletion of plastic adherent cells or monocytes from the tonsillar MNC suspensions resulted in reduced numbers of detectable IFN-ysecreting cells. Addition of very small numbers of autologous monoey tes restored spontaneous I FN-y production in tonsillar MNC cultures depleted of monocytes. Neutralization of endogenous IL-l/J and IL-2. as well as blocking of the IL-2 receptor, also decreased IFN-y production from un fractionated tonsillar cells. Addition of exogenous IL-l/i restored IFN--; production in cultures of tonsillar MNC depleted of plastic adherent cells. Furthermore. IL-l/f synergized with lL-2 by increasing intracellular as well as cell-free levels of IFN-y in cultures of unfraclionatcd tonsillar MNC. This study further establishes that the tonsils are highly active immunologieal organs containing large numbers of T cells spontaneously producing lFN-y whose detection is contingent upon the presence of functional accessory cells. It also demonstrates that concomitant production of IL-1/? and IL-2 occurs in tonsils and is necessary to maintain ongoing synthesis and extracellular aecumulation of IFN-y in these organs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of spontaneous interferon-gamma-producing cells in human tonsils: role of local accessory cells and soluble factors

Quiding

Granström

Nordström

et al. 1993

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…Hu man tonsillar mononuclear cells (hu-TMC) seemed to be the optimal source for MALT cells. They arc easily obtainable as surgical specimens and have been stud ied extensively as to their subpopulations [15][16][17]. Here, we report on the engraftment of SCID mice with hu-TMC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Engraftment Patterns of Human Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells and Immunoglobulin-Secreting Cells in Mice with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: Role of the Epstein-Barr Virus

Nadal¹,

Albini

Chen

et al. 1991

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Tonsils seem to be the ideal source for lymphocytes seeding to the mucosa of the respiratory tract. The distribution and engraftment of human lymphocytes injected into mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) are not well understood. C.B-17 SCID mice were injected intraperitoneally with human tonsillar mononuclear cells (hu-TMC). The hu-TMC-SCID mouse chimeras were subsequently tested for the appearance and distribution of human lymphocytes tagged with H33342 and immunoglobulin-secreting cells in various systemic and mucosal immunocompetent tissues. This was done by fluorescence microscopy of tissue sections for cells supravitally stained before transfer and by an enzyme-linked immunospot assay using cells isolated from murine organs. Most importantly, engraftment of hu-TMC proved to be dependent on the presence of anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody in the donor. hu-TMC engrafted, in decreasing numbers, in the following systemic organs: peritoneal cavity, liver, spleen and bone marrow. Among mucosal tissues tested, hu-TMC were seen in lungs, but not in the intestines. The engraftment of hu-TMC in the lung was more extensive than that in the spleen. These studies demonstrate that hu-TMC engraft in a variety of murine tissues. The striking preference of hu-TMC for the lungs when compared to intestines suggests selective engraftment among distinct mucosal tissues. The hu-TMC-SCID mouse chimera promises to be a unique animal model to study human-mucosa-associated lymphoid cells and EBV-related lymphomagenesis and B cell tumor progression.

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“…Experiments done in our laboratory several years ago may shed light on the role that the tonsils and adenoids play as precursors for B cells for the middle-ear mucosa [14]. We demonstrated that specific B cells are present in the middleear mucosa, producing IgG directed against Streptococcus mutans, an organism that is never found in the middle ear space in otitis media.…”

Section: Lymphocyte Trafficking In the Middle Ear In Otitis Mediamentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Kurono et al [15] 1994 Both specific and nonspecific homing of lymphocytes from GALT and peripheral lymphoid tissue. Bernstein et al [14] 1988…”

Section: Investigatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunologic aspects of otitis media

Bernstein

2002

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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The middle ear cleft is a modified gas pocket which functions normally when the gas contents are regulated by a normal eustachian tube, resulting in equalization of middle ear pressure to that of the environment. The most important regulator of this middle ear pressure is the eustachian tube, a critical passageway from the nasopharynx into the middle ear. Any alteration of eustachian tube mucociliary function caused by virus, allergy, pollutants, or alteration of the normal homeostasis of the nasopharynx will result in eustachian tube obstruction. This, in turn, leads to underventilation of the middle ear, and transudation of fluid. If bacteria or virus or viral-bacterial interaction leads to infectious disease of the middle ear, an immune response is produced as a result of the inflammatory response, allowing lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells to enter into the middle-ear mucosa. This article summarizes the immunologic reactivity in the middle ear following a viral-bacterial inflammatory reaction in the middle-ear mucosa. Although secretory IgA is critical for protection of the nasopharynx, its function in the middle ear has still not been resolved. The evidence strongly suggests that IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses are responsible for eradication of middle ear pathogens. Finally, a review of alternative approaches to the prevention of otitis media is briefly discussed in this critical period of emergence of resistant bacteria to available antibiotics.

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The Distribution of Immunocompetent Cells in the Compartments of the Palatine Tonsils in Bacterial and Viral Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

High frequency of spontaneous interferon-gamma-producing cells in human tonsils: role of local accessory cells and soluble factors

High frequency of spontaneous interferon-gamma-producing cells in human tonsils: role of local accessory cells and soluble factors

Distribution and Engraftment Patterns of Human Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells and Immunoglobulin-Secreting Cells in Mice with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: Role of the Epstein-Barr Virus

Immunologic aspects of otitis media

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