The distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and fibers throughout the chick brain (Gallus domesticus)

Kuenzel, Wayne J.; Blähser, S

doi:10.1007/bf00319038

Cited by 126 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The intensity of immunoreactivity for CB, CR, and PV in the neuropil and perikarya of retinorecipient areas of the chick brain was subjectively rated from absent to very intense. The retinorecipient areas of the chick brain were identified according to a stereotaxic atlas (16). No attempt was made to quantify the intensity of staining in perikarya or the number of stained perikarya.…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of calcium-binding proteins in the chick visual system

Pfeiffer

Britto

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The calcium-binding proteins calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), and parvalbumin (PV) have been extensively studied over the last decade since they appear to be important as buffers of intracellular calcium. In the present study we investigated the distribution of these proteins in the chick visual system by means of conventional immunocytochemistry. The results indicated that CB, CR, and PV are widely distributed in retinorecipient areas of the chick brain. In some regions, all three calcium-binding proteins were present at different intensities and often in different neurons such as in the dorsolateral thalamic complex. In other areas, such as the nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis, only CB and CR were detected, whereas PV was absent. These results show that these three calcium-binding proteins are differentially distributed in the visual system of the chick, with varying degrees of colocalization.

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of calcium-binding proteins in the chick visual system

Pfeiffer

Britto

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…1B, 2J). These neurons are thought to contribute to the formation of the rostral telencephalic population of GnRH neurons, being distributed in the anterior olfactory tubercle or lobus parolfactorius in the adult chick forebrain (Kuenzel and Blähser, 1991). Taken together, our results indicate that the migratory mode of GnRH neurons varies in the forebrain, and is not limited to axophilic migration.…”

Section: Ventral-directed Migration Of Gnrh Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…1E), or disperse to the adjacent region at the turning point. These neurons might be destined to function as GnRH neurons in the bed nucleus of the pallial commissure which is associated with the septo-preoptic GnRH system (Kuenzel and Blähser, 1991). Moreover, a small dispersion of GnRH neurons has been observed in the medial forebrain at multiple levels of the axophilic migratory pathway (Murakami et al, 2000;Figs.…”

Section: Ventral-directed Migration Of Gnrh Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Netrin 1 provides a chemoattractive cue for the ventral migration of GnRH neurons in the chick forebrain

Murakami

Ohki‐Hamazaki

Watanabe

et al. 2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons originate in the olfactory placode and migrate to the forebrain during embryonic development. We found that GnRH neurons migrated in two different modes in the chick medial telencephalon: they initially underwent axophilic migration in association with a subset of olfactory fibers in a dorsocaudal direction. This was followed by ventrally directed tangential migration to the basal forebrain. Since many of the ventrally migrating GnRH neurons did not follow distinct fiber fascicles, it is proposed that diffusible guidance molecules played a role in this migratory process. A long-range diffusible factor, netrin 1, was expressed in the lower part of the commissural plate and the subpallial septum, but not along the axophilic migratory route of GnRH neurons. Failure of ventrally directed migration of GnRH neurons and their misrouting to the dorsomedial forebrain was induced by misexpression of netrin 1 in the dorsocaudal part of the septum near the top of the commissural plate, which is where the migration of GnRH neurons changed to a ventral direction. In such cases, a subset of olfactory fibers also extended, but close contact between aberrant fibers and misrouted GnRH neurons did not exist. A coculture experiment demonstrated that netrin 1 exerts an attractive effect on migrating GnRH neurons. These results provide evidence that netrin 1 acts as chemoattractant to migrating GnRH neurons at the dorsocaudal part of the septum and has the potential to regulate the ventral migration of GnRH neurons to the ventral septum and the preoptic area.

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“…For each area (except for the CPi), the number of Fos-ir cells were counted in both the left and right side of the section and were summed. Brain structures were identified based on the atlas of the quail and chicken brain [19,54] but the nomenclature used in the present paper follows the recently revised nomenclature for the avian brain [73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-specific effects of anosmia and cloacal gland anesthesia on Fos expression induced in male quail brain by sexual behavior

Taziaux

Keller

Ball

et al. 2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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In rats, expression of the immediate early gene, c-fos observed in the brain following male copulatory behavior relates mostly to the detection of olfactory information originating from the female and to somatosensory feedback from the penis. However, quail, like most birds, are generally considered to have a relatively poorly developed sense of smell. Furthermore, quail have no intromittent organ (e.g., penis). It is therefore intriguing that expression of male copulatory behavior induces in quail and rats a similar pattern of c-fos expression in the medial preoptic area (mPOA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTM) and parts of the amygdala. We analyzed here by immunocytochemistry Fos expression in the mPOA/BSTM/amygdala of male quail that had been allowed to copulate with a female during standardized tests. Before these tests, some of the males had either their nostrils plugged, or their cloacal area anesthetized, or both. A control group was not exposed to females. These manipulations did not affect frequencies of male sexual behavior and all birds exposed to a female copulated normally. In the mPOA, the increased Fos expression induced by copulation was not affected by the cloacal gland anesthesia but was markedly reduced in subjects deprived of olfactory input. Both manipulations affected copulation-induced Fos expression in the BSTM. No change in Fos expression was observed in the amygdala. Thus immediate early gene expression in the mPOA and BSTM of quail is modulated at least in part by olfactory cues and/or somatosensory stimuli originating from the cloacal gland. Future work should specify the nature of these stimuli and their function in the expression of avian male sexual behavior.

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The distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and fibers throughout the chick brain (Gallus domesticus)

Cited by 126 publications

References 20 publications

Distribution of calcium-binding proteins in the chick visual system

Distribution of calcium-binding proteins in the chick visual system

Netrin 1 provides a chemoattractive cue for the ventral migration of GnRH neurons in the chick forebrain

Site-specific effects of anosmia and cloacal gland anesthesia on Fos expression induced in male quail brain by sexual behavior

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