The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the thoracic nervous system of the locust Schistocerca gregaria

Watson, Alan Hugh David

doi:10.1007/bf00215895

Cited by 73 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The exciters had somata belonging to the antero-lateral neuromere of the metathoracic ganglion and send axons into the middle part of N5. The two inhibitors, which exhibited GABA-like immunoreactivity (Nishino, unpublished observation) as those in locusts (Watson, 1986), had somata close to the midline of the ganglion (broken lines, Fig. 3) and sent axons into the medial part of N5.…”

Section: Innervation Patterns Of Motor Neurons In the Flexor And Extementioning

confidence: 82%

Local Innervation Patterns of the Metathoracic Flexor and Extensor Tibiae Motor Neurons in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Nishino

2003

Zoological Science

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Section: Innervation Patterns Of Motor Neurons In the Flexor And Extementioning

confidence: 82%

Local Innervation Patterns of the Metathoracic Flexor and Extensor Tibiae Motor Neurons in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Nishino

2003

Zoological Science

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“…Although NB 1-2 (or NB 1-1) gives rise to progeny that initially express En in the embryo (Condron et al, 1994;Broadus and Doe, 1995), no neurons of comparable position were found in the adult. All of the En-positive neurons have somata posterior to the MVG of GABA-positive neurons (Watson, 1986), the MVG comprising progeny of NB 3-1, NB 4-1, and NB 5-1 (Shepherd and Laurent, 1992). The more posterior GABA-positive neurons are contained within the large MPG and contiguous LDG (Watson, 1986), which spans from the midline laterally to the area between nerve 6 (N6) and the outer edge of the posterior connective and is known to contain at least three separate embryonic groups (O'Dell and Watkins, 1988).…”

Section: Provisional Assignment Of Groups By Embryonic Origin As a Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the En-positive neurons have somata posterior to the MVG of GABA-positive neurons (Watson, 1986), the MVG comprising progeny of NB 3-1, NB 4-1, and NB 5-1 (Shepherd and Laurent, 1992). The more posterior GABA-positive neurons are contained within the large MPG and contiguous LDG (Watson, 1986), which spans from the midline laterally to the area between nerve 6 (N6) and the outer edge of the posterior connective and is known to contain at least three separate embryonic groups (O'Dell and Watkins, 1988). With the exception of the three pairs of CIs, all of the GABApositive neurons are interneurons.…”

Section: Provisional Assignment Of Groups By Embryonic Origin As a Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine whether this is true also for other En-positive neurons, ganglia were doubled labeled using an anti-GABA antiserum along with the En antibody. The major groups of GABA-immunoreactive somata have been described (Watson, 1986). In the ventral cortex, these are the lateral ventral group (LVG), the medial ventral group (MVG), and the medial posterior group (MPG), all shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Overlap With Gaba Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large MPG region of GABA-positive somata (Watson, 1986) includes the only bilateral neurons that are En-positive. The GABA-positive neurons in this region lie in two rows across the ganglion (Fig.…”

Section: Overlap With Gaba Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pattern of expression of engrailed in relation to gamma‐aminobutyric acid immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the adult grasshopper

Siegler

Pankhaniya

Jia

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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Engrailed (En) protein expression in neurons of the mesothoracic and metathoracic ganglia of the adult grasshopper, Schistocerca americana, was examined by immunohistochemistry. Each neuromere had a dorsally located cluster of En-positive neurons within the dorsal unpaired median (DUM) group, comprising one cluster in the mesothoracic ganglion (T2) and four clusters in the metathoracic ganglion, one for each component neuromere (T3, A1, A2, A3). Ventrally, En-positive neurons occurred in the posterior one-third of each neuromere. In T2 and T3, three ventral groups of neurons were labeled bilaterally. In the abdominal neuromeres, many fewer ventral neurons were En-positive. These also were bilaterally symmetrical, but did not occur in patterns that allowed assignment of homology with the T2 and T3 groups. Altogether, En-positive neurons comprised roughly 10% of the ganglionic populations. In the bilateral groups, as in the DUM groups, En expression was restricted to interneurons, consistent with the suggestion that En expression contributes to some aspect of interneuronal phenotype. En-positive neurons in the DUM groups also expressed gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity. Further study showed that all neurons in one En-positive bilateral group and some neurons in another bilateral group were GABA immunoreactive, but that neurons in a third bilateral group were En-positive only. Additionally, several discrete clusters of neurons were GABA-immunoreactive but En-negative. A provisional morphological scheme is presented, which relates the several neuronal clusters to their likely neuroblasts of origin, as a basis for further research into the composition of neuronal lineages. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:85-96, 2001.

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Engrailed protein is expressed in interneurons but not motor neurons of the dorsal unpaired median group in the adult grasshopper

Siegler

Pankhaniya

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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We report that the homeodomain protein Engrailed (En) is differentially expressed by neuronal type. Expression was examined within identified midline neurons in T3, A1, and A2 neuromeres of the adult grasshopper by using immunohistochemistry. All save a few neurons in the adult dorsal unpaired median (DUM) group arise embryonically from a single precursor, the median neuroblast. DUM neurons are efferent neurons, local interneurons, or intersegmental interneurons, recognizable as such by their distinct morphologies and neurotransmitter phenotypes. We show that interneurons are En-positive, whereas efferents are En-negative. In the T3 DUM group, the 70 or so interneurons contained cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate decarboxylase. In double-labeling experiments, all GABA-immunoreactive neurons were also En-positive, and all En-positive neurons contained GABA immunoreactivity. In complementary experiments, the 20 or so efferents in the T3 DUM group, which are octopaminergic, were selectively labeled with a histological marker and then processed to reveal En immunoreactivity. No efferents in the group were En-positive. The abdominal DUM groups contain fewer neurons, but the same dichotomy of labeling was found. The En pattern is established during embryogenesis, with the type-specific pattern apparent by stage 90% of development, the earliest stage examined here. The differential expression of En in the embryo and its continued expression in the adult nervous system suggest a role in the development and maintenance of neuronal phenotype. Morphological differences between efferents and interneurons are discussed in light of a hypothesis that En mediates differential expression of cell adhesion or cell-affinity molecules.

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The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the thoracic nervous system of the locust Schistocerca gregaria

Cited by 73 publications

References 42 publications

Local Innervation Patterns of the Metathoracic Flexor and Extensor Tibiae Motor Neurons in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Local Innervation Patterns of the Metathoracic Flexor and Extensor Tibiae Motor Neurons in the Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Pattern of expression of engrailed in relation to gamma‐aminobutyric acid immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the adult grasshopper

Engrailed protein is expressed in interneurons but not motor neurons of the dorsal unpaired median group in the adult grasshopper

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