The Distribution of Cells Containing Estrogen Receptor-  (ER ) and ER  Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Preoptic Area and Hypothalamus of the Sheep: Comparison of Males and Females

Scott, Christopher J.

doi:10.1210/en.141.8.2951

Cited by 54 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Intriguingly, the patterns of sex differences in central ER and AR expression in medaka are very different from those observed in other vertebrates, suggesting that roles for ER and AR in brain sexual differentiation in teleosts are distinct from those in other vertebrates. For instance, as opposed to the situation in the mammalian and avian brain, in which Esr1 is expressed more intensely in females in several nuclei [2,24,25], the female-biased expression of esr1 occurs only in a nucleus aPPp, and males show greater overall esr1 expression in the medaka brain. This observation implies a unique role for the teleost esr1 in neural masculinization or defeminization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Female-specific target sites for both oestrogen and androgen in the teleost brain

et al. 2012

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To dissect the molecular and cellular basis of sexual differentiation of the teleost brain, which maintains marked sexual plasticity throughout life, we examined sex differences in neural expression of all subtypes of nuclear oestrogen and androgen receptors (ER and AR) in medaka. All receptors were differentially expressed between the sexes in specific nuclei in the forebrain. The most pronounced sex differences were found in several nuclei in the ventral telencephalic and preoptic areas, where ER and AR expression were prominent in females but almost completely absent in males, indicating that these nuclei represent female-specific target sites for both oestrogen and androgen in the brain. Subsequent analyses revealed that the female-specific expression of ER and AR is not under the direct control of sex-linked genes but is instead regulated positively by oestrogen and negatively by androgen in a transient and reversible manner. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that sex-specific target sites for both oestrogen and androgen occur in the brain as a result of the activational effects of gonadal steroids. The consequent sex-specific but reversible steroid sensitivity of the adult brain probably contributes substantially to the process of sexual differentiation and the persistent sexual plasticity of the teleost brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Female-specific target sites for both oestrogen and androgen in the teleost brain

et al. 2012

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“…AMY is the other brain area that demonstrated a sexually dimorphic pattern, i.e., the prevalence of ERb in young females, which is an overlapping condition of high levels detected in the rat lateral amygdalar area (Zhang et al 2002). It is very likely that the distribution discrepancy of these two subtypes could be of a species-specificity nature as supported by male ewe hypothalamic areas containing greater densities of a isoform (Scott et al 2000). However, independently of the different developmental periods in which the two ERs interact, they seem to play a key role on brain morpho-functional features as indicated by ERa being responsible for the elevated number and density of dendritic spines and axospinous synapses (Adams et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sexually dimorphic distribution pattern of the novel estrogen receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 30 in some brain areas of the hamster

Canonaco¹,

Giusi²,

Madeo³

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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The isolation of the G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), an orphan membrane receptor unrelated to nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), has become a key factor towards the unraveling of rapid estrogen action. This membrane receptor together with cellular signaling intermediaries, i.e., extracellular signaldependent kinases 1 and 2, may promote neuronal proliferation and differentiation activities. In the present study, an evident gene expression pattern of GPR30 characterized postnatal 7 (young) and 60 (adult) days of age hamsters as shown by its heterogeneous mRNA distribution in hypothalamic, amygdalar and cerebellar areas of both sexes. In particular, most of the brain areas considered in the adult hamster plus only the amygdala and cerebellum of young animals behaved in a sexually dimorphic fashion. This similar pattern was also detected for the ERa and b, as shown by the latter receptor prevailing in young and adult females, while the former predominated in young females. Even for the two kinases, a sexually dimorphic distribution was featured above all for young hamsters. Overall, the findings of the present study established a distinct expression pattern of the novel ER (GPR30) that may operate differently in some brain areas of the hamster and this may provide interesting insights regarding its probable neuroprotective role during the execution of some hibernating states, which are typical of our rodent model.

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“…A major (but not exclusive) mechanism by which steroids alter GnRH neuronal activity is by altering the activity of steroid sensitive inputs. This is because GnRH neurones themselves are largely devoid of progesterone, androgen and oestrogen (a) (Scott et al 2000. However, sex steroids are involved in physiological functions other than the control of GnRH release and so the identification of specific neurones that convey information to the reproductive neuroendocrine axis is inherently complicated.…”

Section: Steroid Hormone Receptors In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal programming of the female reproductive neuroendocrine system by androgens

Robinson

2006

Reproduction

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It has been clear for several decades that the areas of the brain that control reproductive function are sexually dimorphic and that the 'programming actions' of the male gonadal steroids are responsible for sex-specific release of the gonadotrophins from the pituitary gland. The administration of exogenous steroids to fetal/neonatal animals has pinpointed windows of time in an animals' development when the reproductive neuroendocrine axis is responsive to the organisational influences of androgens. These 'critical' periods for sexual differentiation of the brain are trait-and species-specific. The neural network regulating the activity of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones is vital to the control of reproductive function. It appears that early exposure to androgens does not influence the migratory pathway of the GnRH neurone from the olfactory placode or the size of the population of neurones that colonise the postnatal hypothalamus. However, androgens do influence the number and the nature of connections that these neurones make with other neural phenotypes. Gonadal steroid hormones play key roles in the regulation of GnRH release acting largely via steroid-sensitive intermediary neurones that impinge on the GnRH cells. Certain populations of hormonally responsive neurones have been identified that are sexually dimorphic and project from hypothalamic areas known to be involved in the regulation of GnRH release. These neurones are excellent candidates for the programming actions of male hormones in the reproductive neuroendocrine axis of the developing female.

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The Distribution of Cells Containing Estrogen Receptor- (ER ) and ER Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Preoptic Area and Hypothalamus of the Sheep: Comparison of Males and Females

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Female-specific target sites for both oestrogen and androgen in the teleost brain

Female-specific target sites for both oestrogen and androgen in the teleost brain

A sexually dimorphic distribution pattern of the novel estrogen receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 30 in some brain areas of the hamster

Prenatal programming of the female reproductive neuroendocrine system by androgens

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