The distribution of blood flow to the reproductive organs of rats near term

Bruce, Neville

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0460359

Cited by 70 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The blood flow per placenta of the N fetuses, 0.50-0.95 ml/rnin, was in the range of previously reported flow rates of rats in late gestation (2,3,5,IS,16,21,29,34). Also, our values of renal blood flow and pulmonary blood flow are in agreement with those found in previous investigations (20,31).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although a number of estimations of placental blood flow in rodents have been reported (I , 2,5,7,15,16,27,29,34), no studies of placental blood flow in diabetic rat pregnancy seem to have been published. There are, however, reports of altered placental morphology (26) and indirect evidences of changed vascular function in diabetic rat placenta (4) as well as decreased transfer of aminoisobutyric acid to fetuses ofdiabetic guinea pigs (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetes in Pregnancy: Decreased Placental Blood Flow and Disturbed Fetal Development in the Rat

Eriksson

Jansson

1984

Pediatr Res

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November 29, 1983. Vol. 18, No.8, 1984 Printed in U.S.A. Diabetes in Pregnancy: Decreased Placental Blood Flow and Disturbed Fetal Development in the Rat ULF J. ERIKSSON(3' ) AND LEIF JANSSON Department ofMedical Cell Biology, University ofUppsala, Uppsala, S weden SummaryPlacental blood flow was measured with the aid of radioactive microspheres, in normal (N) and manifest diabetic (MD) rats, and related to fetal body growth and incidence of congenital malformations. The total blood flow in the placentae of the MD rats was decreased to about one-half of the normal flow on gestational days 20 and 22..The placentae of the MD offspring were enlarged, whereas the fetuses in this group were smaller than normal. Thus , the placental blood flow per placental weight was drastically decreased in the MD fetuses on both days 20 and 22. In contrast, the placental blood flow per fetal weight was not different in the N and MD groups on gestational day 20 whereas it was decreased in the MD offspring on gestational day 22. Placental blood flow in the malformed fetuses. of the MD group . did not differ significantly from that in the nonmalformed MD fetuses.Abbreviations N, normal control rat (nondiabetic) N20 or N22, normal pregnant rat on gestational day 20 or 22 MD, manifest diabetic rat (serum glucose level exceeding 20 mmol/liter) MD20 or MD22, pregnant manifest diabetic rat on gestational day 20 or 22

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes in Pregnancy: Decreased Placental Blood Flow and Disturbed Fetal Development in the Rat

Eriksson

Jansson

1984

Pediatr Res

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“…While numerous studies (6,9,10,17,24,47) have reported various effects and gestational timing of increased unilateral or bilateral uterine artery resistance, to our knowledge, none have specifically reported the different effects of timing (from days 12-17, and days 14 -19 of gestation) of ischemic induction and maternal blood pressure and angiogenic balance in the gravid When fetal weight is plotted relative to uterine position (ordered from ovarian to cervical), there are profound treatment (RUPP vs. NP) and timing (d17 vs. d19) differences in fetal size in late gestation. While the slopes of the fetal size relative to uterine position curve were different between d17 and d19 rats ( †P Ͻ 0.05), only in the d19 rats was a treatment effect observed (*P Ͻ 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of ischemic insult alters fetal growth trajectory, maternal angiogenic balance, and markers of renal oxidative stress in the pregnant rat

Banek

Bauer

Gingery

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Banek CT, Bauer AJ, Gingery A, Gilbert JS. Timing of ischemic insult alters fetal growth trajectory, maternal angiogenic balance, and markers of renal oxidative stress in the pregnant rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 303: R658 -R664, 2012. First published July 25, 2012 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00250.2012.-Increased uterine artery resistance and angiogenic imbalance characterized by increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and decreased free vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are often associated with placental insufficiency and preeclampsia but not synonymous with hypertension. We hypothesized chronic reductions in utero-placental perfusion (RUPP) for 5 days (d) during either mid-(d12-d17) or late (d14 -d19) gestation would have disparate effects on plasma sFlt-1 and VEGF levels and blood pressure. Five days of chronic RUPP was achieved by placement of silver clips on the abdominal aorta and ovarian arteries on either gestational d12 or d14. Arterial pressure was increased (P Ͻ 0.05) in RUPP vs. normal pregnant (NP) in both d17 (10%) and d19 (25%) groups, respectively. Circulating free VEGF was decreased (P Ͻ 0.05) and sFlt-1:VEGF ratio increased (P Ͻ 0.05) after 5 days of RUPP ending on d19 but not d17 compared with NP controls. Angiogenic imbalance, measured by an endothelial tube formation assay, was present in the d19 RUPP but not the d17 RUPP compared with age-matched NP rats. Five days of RUPP from days 14 to 19 decreased fetal and placental weights 10% (P Ͻ 0.01) compared with d19 NP controls. After 5 days of RUPP, from days 12 to 17 of pregnancy, fetal weights were 21% lighter (P Ͻ 0.01) compared with d17 NP controls, but placental weight was unchanged. These findings suggest that the timing during which placental insufficiency occurs may play an important role in determining the extent of alterations in angiogenic balance, fetal growth restriction, and the severity of placental ischemia-induced hypertension. preeclampsia; hypertension; intrauterine growth restriction; angiogenic balance PREECLAMPSIA AND HYPERTENSIVE disorders of pregnancy continue to be a major obstetric problem and a significant source of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in pregnancies throughout the world (38, 42). Early delivery of the fetus is often indicated to prevent the progression of preeclampsia and to mitigate immediate maternal and fetal risk. Further, preeclampsia may account for up to 15% of all preterm births (37) and significantly contribute to the short-and long-term health burden generated by low-birth weight and/or preterm deliveries (13). Despite recent advancements that have identified a number of biomarkers that are associated with and may even help predict the onset of preeclampsia (5), numerous unanswered questions remain.Preeclampsia has historically been termed a "disease of many theories," and the wide range of risk factors and variability in the manifestations has been a persistent difficulty in the identification and treatment of patients. Recent clinical and experime...

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“…The flow fraction to the maternal side of the placenta was 34-5 +11-2 % (n = 5). At a pump rate of 2 ml min-' the corresponding flow rate is about 0 7 ml min-', which is equal to the maternal placental blood flow in the rat near to term (0-7 ml min-'; Bruce, 1976 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Goeneral Observationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Transport of calcium across the dually perfused placenta of the rat.

S̆tulc

Štulcová

Švihovec

1990

The Journal of Physiology

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5. Strontium and barium (SrCl2 and BaC12, 1 mM) decreased Jmf, tc; the response was prompt and reversible. Magnesium (2 mM) had no effect. Maternal-fetal transport of 85Sr2+ and l33Ba2+ was decreased rapidly and reversibly by elevating [Ca2+]m from 0 35 to 2 mm. These observations suggest that Sr2+ and Ba2+ are transported across the placenta by the Ca2+ transport system. This means that the transport is not substrate specific.6. Cadmium (1 mM-CdCl2) decreased Jmf, tc irreversibly with some latency. The slowness of the response suggests a non-competitive inhibition. Cadmium (0-02 mMCdCl2) was without effect on Jmf, tc. 7. A Ca2+ channel blocker, nifedipine (10 /M), administered to the maternal side had no effect on Jmf,tc, MS 7248

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The distribution of blood flow to the reproductive organs of rats near term

Cited by 70 publications

References 10 publications

Diabetes in Pregnancy: Decreased Placental Blood Flow and Disturbed Fetal Development in the Rat

Diabetes in Pregnancy: Decreased Placental Blood Flow and Disturbed Fetal Development in the Rat

Timing of ischemic insult alters fetal growth trajectory, maternal angiogenic balance, and markers of renal oxidative stress in the pregnant rat

Transport of calcium across the dually perfused placenta of the rat.

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