The Distribution of Basic Emotions in Everyday Life: A State and Trait Perspective from Experience Sampling Data

Zelenski, John M.; Larsen, Randy J.

doi:10.1006/jrpe.1999.2275

Cited by 215 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Second, sadness can be readily experienced with other emotions (Dalgleish & Power, 2004). Third, fear and anger were experienced more often than sadness and disgust in all samples, perhaps reflecting Zelenski and Larsen's (2000) findings based on an experience sampling study that sadness is experienced less frequently than anxiety and anger. Alternatively it may be that incidences of commonplace high arousal negative emotions such as fear and anger are remembered more clearly than events which elicit low arousal emotions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Healthy populations are characterised by high levels of subjective well-being and experience more frequent and intense positive emotions compared to negative emotions (Zelenski & Larsen, 2000). Healthy individuals are thought to have a positive baseline level of affect to which they return after a new positive or negative affective experience (Diener & Diener, 1996).…”

Section: Key Practitioner Messagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Basic emotion profiles in healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD individuals

Finucane

Dima

Ferreira

et al. 2011

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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ObjectivesTo compare self-reports of five basic emotions across four samples: healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD, and to investigate the extent to which basic emotion reports discriminate between individuals in healthy or clinical groups. MethodsIn total, 439 participants took part in this study: healthy (N = 131), chronic pain (N = 220), depressed (N = 24) and PTSD (N = 64). Participants completed the trait version of the Basic Emotion Scale (Dalgleish & Power, 2004). Basic emotion profiles were compared both within each group and between the healthy group and each of the three other groups. Discriminant analysis was used to assess the extent to which basic emotions can be used to classify participants as belonging to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups.2 ResultsIn the healthy group, happiness was experienced more than any other basic emotion.This was not found in the clinical groups. In comparison to healthy participants, the chronic pain group experienced more fear, anger and sadness; the depressed group reported more sadness; and the PTSD group experienced all of the negative emotions more frequently. Discriminant analysis revealed that happiness was the most important variable in determining whether an individual belonged to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups. Anger was found to further discriminate between depressed and chronic pain individuals. ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that basic emotion profile analysis can provide a useful foundation for the exploration of emotional experience both within and between healthy and clinical groups. Key Practitioner Message• More frequent experiences of happiness relative to discrete negative emotions most clearly discriminate between individuals in healthy and clinical groups.More frequent anger experiences further discriminate between individuals with chronic pain and those with depression while disgust levels help discriminate between those with PTSD and depression.• More frequent experiences of high arousal negative emotions -fear, anger and disgust are characteristic of individuals with PTSD.• Fear is the most frequently experienced negative emotion in both healthy and clinical groups. Higher levels of fear compared to other discrete negative emotions are not necessarily an indicator of psychopathology. Consideration of emotional profiles more generally and the relative frequency with which happiness is experienced relative to negative emotions may be more useful in delineating between healthy individuals and those with chronic pain, depression or PTSD. 3Although emotions play an important role in psychopathology, few studies have applied models of everyday emotions to research in psychopathology. Nonetheless,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Key Practitioner Messagementioning

confidence: 99%

Basic emotion profiles in healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD individuals

Finucane

Dima

Ferreira

et al. 2011

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Across a surprising diversity of groups, ''measurement methods in addition to selfreport indicate that most people's affect is primarily pleasant'' (Diener & Diener, 1996;Zelenski & Larsen, 2000). Departures from this baseline state may prepare an organism for specific reactions to the environment-on a physiological and possibly also a cognitive level.…”

Section: Emotion As Information and As Informational Regulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear shapes information acquisition in decisions from experience

2014

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a b s t r a c tBefore making decisions, people often need to explore their environment to learn about initially uncertain outcomes. To date, it remains unknown to what extent a person's emotional state shapes exploration in such decisions from experience. It has been suggested that fear regulates people's informational interface with the external world through its physiological expression (e.g., a more effective sampling of the visual field from widened eyes). We investigated whether-as suggested by appraisal tendency theories of emotions-the ''emotional feeling'' of fear triggers analogous changes in exploration, in terms of increased information sampling in decisions from experience. In two studies, one with naturally occurring emotional states and one with induced emotional states, we found that fearful (relative to happy) people sampled substantially more information before making a final choice. These different degrees of exploration influenced the experience of rarity and, in turn, final choices. We discuss the extent to which increased information acquisition is adaptive.

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“…Emotional intensity may not be systematically linked to frequency, while emotional traits may not be to states (e.g., Diener, Larsen, Levine & Emmons, 1985;Zelenski & Larsen 2000). We do not consider this issue as threatening for the conclusions drawn here, as the main goal was to describe students' emotional lives as they presented themselves.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Feel the Progress: Second-year Students’ Reflections on Their First-year Experience

Hailikari¹,

Kordts-Freudinger²,

Postareff³

2016

IJHE

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The aim of the present study was to explore first-year students' academic emotions and how they relate to their study progress. A mixed-method approach was used. The data consisted of deep interviews with 43 students. The number of their study credits was used as an indicator of their study progress. The results revealed that students expressed a wide variation of emotions. In addition, the study found significant relations between students' emotions and study progress. Results show that slow and fast-pace students significantly differed from each other regarding their emotional experiences. Slow pace students experienced significantly more negative emotions than fast pace students. Slow and fast pace students differed especially regarding their feeling of competence. The implications of the study are discussed.

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The Distribution of Basic Emotions in Everyday Life: A State and Trait Perspective from Experience Sampling Data

Cited by 215 publications

References 26 publications

Basic emotion profiles in healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD individuals

Basic emotion profiles in healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD individuals

Fear shapes information acquisition in decisions from experience

Feel the Progress: Second-year Students’ Reflections on Their First-year Experience

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