The distribution of alkali metal, ammonium, and tetraethylammonium dipicrylaminates between water and nitrobenzene phases

Rais, J.; Kyrš, M.; Pivoňková, M.

doi:10.1016/0022-1902(68)80487-7

Cited by 54 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Previous studies show that the Na + ion co-transports as many as four water molecules at 25˚C. 1,2,8 In the present study, we found 1375 ANALYTICAL SCIENCES OCTOBER 2003, VOL. 19 2003 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The pioneering work of Rais et al 1,21,22 showed that in the extraction of 1:1 salts into sufficiently polar solvents, such as NB, the ionic association is not significant and the extraction equilibrium is given essentially by the distribution of ionic forms between the two phases. This is the case for the extraction of NaDPA, as also shown by our previous study, 8 where the ionic association was completely ignored.…”

Section: Distribution Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For many years much attention has been directed towards the co-extraction of water to water immiscible organic solvents with hydrophilic inorganic ions, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] including Li + , Na + , Ca 2+ , and Cland also with organic ions [9][10][11] having dissociated groups, such as -CO2and -NH3 + . Even water-immiscible organic solvents, such as nitrobenzene (NB), usually dissolve a considerable amount of water (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years the co-transport of water by ions has been dealt with by molecular dynamic simulations. [13][14][15] In solvent-extraction studies, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]10,11 the number (n) of water molecules co-extracted with an ion was determined by the Karl Fischer method. However, it has frequently been asked whether the ion is really bound to water molecules in organic solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Effect on the Selective Hydration of Sodium Ion in Nitrobenzene

et al. 2003

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The effect of the temperature on the co-extraction of water molecules with Na + from water to nitrobenzene (NB) in the presence of dipicrylaminate ion has been studied. The number (n) of water molecules co-extracted with a Na + ion, as measured by the Karl Fischer method, increased from 3.1 to 5.2 with increasing temperature (6 -65˚C). This observation is in apparent contradiction to the expectation from simple thermodynamics because hydration is generally an entropically unfavorable process. Additional 1 H NMR experiments for the selective hydration of Na + in deuterated NB have confirmed that the association constants of water with Na + indeed decrease with increasing temperature. On the other hand, however, it has been shown that water solubility into NB substantially increases with temperature. We conclude that the latter effect overwhelms the former unfavorable entropy effect, which results in a net increase of the n-value, as observed.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Distribution Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Effect on the Selective Hydration of Sodium Ion in Nitrobenzene

et al. 2003

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“…[37] In the present study, we observe 13 water molecules being coextracted by the calcium ion, this being in good agreement with available experimental results: Iwashido et al [38] have found 13 extracted water molecules if the extraction was made in the presence of 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrodiphenylamine or 1,3,7,9-tetranitrophenothiazine and 13.8 if the extraction was in the presence of N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,4-dinitro-1-naphthylamine. More recently Osakai et al [19] have found 15 water molecules if the calcium ion was extracted in the presence of sodium tetraphenylborate and 12 if the extraction was made in the presence of sodium dipicrylaminate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Calcium Ion Transfer across the Water/Nitrobenzene Interface

Santos

Gomes

2002

ChemPhysChem

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Macrotricyclic quaternary tetraammonium receptors: Halide anion recognition and interfacial activity at an aqueous interface. A molecular dynamics investigation

Chaumont

Wipff

2002

J Comput Chem

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We report a molecular dynamics study of the halide inclusion complexes X(-) subset L(4+) of a macrotricyclic tetrahedral receptor L(4+) built from four quaternary ammonium sites connected by six (CH(2))(n) chains. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the complexes is investigated at a water/chloroform interface, represented explicitly and, despite their +3 charge and "spherical" shape, they are found to display amphiphilic behavior and to concentrate at the interface. The more lipophilic N-substituted CH(2)phi derivative, as well as less charged models are more surface active than the N-Me substituted host. In relation with the Hofmeister series, I(-) exo neutralizing counterions are compared with Cl(-) anions and are found to sit closer to the interface, which becomes more neutral. The "macrocyclic interfacial effect" is investigated by a comparison of L(4+) complexes with their acyclic counterparts. Finally, we address the question of anion binding selectivity by L(4+) and its L(1) (4+) and L(2) (4+) topological isomers. F(-) is too small for these three hosts, while I(-) is too big. According to free energy perturbation calculations, Cl(-) is preferred to Br(-), but somewhat more by L(1) (4+) than by L(4+).

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The distribution of alkali metal, ammonium, and tetraethylammonium dipicrylaminates between water and nitrobenzene phases

Cited by 54 publications

References 13 publications

Temperature Effect on the Selective Hydration of Sodium Ion in Nitrobenzene

Temperature Effect on the Selective Hydration of Sodium Ion in Nitrobenzene

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Calcium Ion Transfer across the Water/Nitrobenzene Interface

Macrotricyclic quaternary tetraammonium receptors: Halide anion recognition and interfacial activity at an aqueous interface. A molecular dynamics investigation

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